Zhou Dongping, Fu Yuanyuan, Liu Lei, Lin Weichuan, Lu Zhibin, Ye Yangfang, Zhang Minglei
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Southern Ocean Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 May 21;16:1589304. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589304. eCollection 2025.
As the aquaculture capacity of in southern China nears saturation, northern coastal regions, which are characterized by abundant water resources, ample feed availability, and favorable climatic conditions, have emerged as ideal areas for aquaculture expansion. This study investigates the aquatic environment of cultured in seawater and saline-alkali ponds in northern China. Over the course of a five-month aquaculture experiment, water samples were collected from seawater and saline-alkali ponds and subsequently analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to examine the bacterial community composition and its relationship with physicochemical water quality parameters. Sensitive bacterial species were identified as well. The results revealed that seawater ponds exhibited higher salinity and dissolved oxygen levels, but lower pH, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen concentrations. In contrast, saline-alkali ponds exhibited elevated pH, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen levels, accompanied by reduced salinity and dissolved oxygen. Bacterial communities in seawater ponds demonstrated greater species richness, evenness, and diversity indices, whereas those in saline-alkali ponds were characterized by reduced diversity and distinct dominant bacterial groups. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen as the principal environmental factors influencing bacterial community structure. Using the IndVal method, we identified strong associations between specific bacterial species and pond types, such as and in seawater ponds, and , , and in saline-alkali ponds. Environmental factors exerted distinct effects on bacterial communities in the two pond types, with sensitive bacterial species demonstrating significant specificity and strong correlations with water quality parameters. Functional predictions indicated that microbes in saline-alkali ponds prioritized resource acquisition and stress resistance, whereas those in seawater ponds emphasized nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis. This study demonstrated significant differences in bacterial community characteristics between seawater and saline-alkali ponds, which were strongly influenced by water quality parameters. These findings are crucial for optimizing the growth environment of , providing essential data for improving aquaculture conditions and promoting the development of northern farming.
随着中国南方地区的水产养殖能力接近饱和，北方沿海地区凭借丰富的水资源、充足的饲料供应和适宜的气候条件，已成为水产养殖扩张的理想区域。本研究调查了中国北方海水和盐碱池塘养殖的[具体水产名称未给出]的水环境。在为期五个月的水产养殖实验过程中，从海水和盐碱池塘采集水样，随后使用16S rRNA基因测序技术进行分析，以检测细菌群落组成及其与水体理化质量参数的关系。同时还鉴定了敏感细菌种类。结果显示，海水池塘的盐度和溶解氧水平较高，但pH值、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较低。相比之下，盐碱池塘的pH值、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平升高，同时盐度和溶解氧降低。海水池塘中的细菌群落表现出更高的物种丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数，而盐碱池塘中的细菌群落则具有较低的多样性和独特的优势细菌类群。冗余分析（RDA）确定盐度、pH值和溶解氧是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因素。使用指示值（IndVal）方法，我们确定了特定细菌种类与池塘类型之间的强关联，例如海水池塘中的[具体细菌种类1]和[具体细菌种类2]，以及盐碱池塘中的[具体细菌种类3]、[具体细菌种类4]和[具体细菌种类5]。环境因素对两种池塘类型中的细菌群落产生了不同影响，敏感细菌种类表现出显著的特异性并与水质参数具有强相关性。功能预测表明，盐碱池塘中的微生物优先进行资源获取和抗逆，而海水池塘中的微生物则侧重于氮代谢和蛋白质合成。本研究表明海水和盐碱池塘之间细菌群落特征存在显著差异，这些差异受到水质参数的强烈影响。这些发现对于优化[具体水产名称未给出]的生长环境至关重要，为改善水产养殖条件和促进北方[具体水产名称未给出]养殖发展提供了重要数据。
