Al-Shibli Mohammed Khalid, Fadnes Lars Thore, Henriksen Hege Berg, Arjmand Elaheh Javadi, Thomassen Lise Margrete, Lid Torgeir Gilje, Carlsen Siv-Elin Leirvåg
Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
BMC Nutr. 2025 Jun 5;11(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01106-1.
People with substance use disorders often have unhealthy diets, including a limited intake of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, individuals with substance use disorders experience a significantly higher burden of physical and mental health conditions compared to the general population. Poor diets may contribute to this, but few studies have explored how these dietary habits could be improved. Therefore, our objective is to investigate the experiences with healthy eating among individuals with opioid dependence.
We employed a qualitative design and recruited twelve patients undergoing opioid agonist therapy in Bergen. All participants were interviewed using a qualitative interview guide focused on experiences with healthy eating. Additionally, we conducted a dietary assessment using the DIGIKOST-FFQ tool, which was administered twice. Participants were then informed about how their diets aligned with the Norwegian dietary recommendations, and we interviewed them about their experiences with this information. Data analysis was carried out using systematic text condensation.
Our findings show that many participants recognized the potential health benefits of healthy eating and how these were negatively impacted by their substance use. Even if many participants recognized the potential health benefits of healthy eating and how these were negatively impacted by their substance use, they had mixed reactions to receiving personalized dietary feedback. They expressed a need for support from the healthcare system to help improving their diets.
Our findings suggest that individuals with substance use disorders are interested in changing their diets but lack the skills to do so. While receiving personalized feedback may be effective for some, it would likely need to be combined with other interventions to improve their overall health.
患有物质使用障碍的人通常饮食不健康，包括水果和蔬菜摄入量有限。此外，与普通人群相比，患有物质使用障碍的个体身心健康问题负担明显更高。不良饮食可能是造成这种情况的原因之一，但很少有研究探讨如何改善这些饮食习惯。因此，我们的目标是调查阿片类药物依赖者在健康饮食方面的经历。
我们采用定性设计，在卑尔根招募了12名接受阿片类激动剂治疗的患者。所有参与者都使用一份侧重于健康饮食经历的定性访谈指南进行了访谈。此外，我们使用DIGIKOST-FFQ工具进行了两次饮食评估。然后，我们向参与者告知了他们饮食与挪威饮食建议的符合情况，并就他们对这些信息的体验进行了访谈。数据分析采用系统文本浓缩法。
我们的研究结果表明，许多参与者认识到健康饮食对健康的潜在益处，以及这些益处如何受到他们物质使用的负面影响。即使许多参与者认识到健康饮食对健康的潜在益处，以及这些益处如何受到他们物质使用的负面影响，但他们对收到个性化饮食反馈的反应不一。他们表示需要医疗系统的支持来帮助改善饮食。
我们的研究结果表明，患有物质使用障碍的人有改变饮食的意愿，但缺乏这样做的技能。虽然接受个性化反馈对某些人可能有效，但可能需要与其他干预措施相结合以改善他们的整体健康。
