Henriksen Hege Berg, Berg Hedda Beate, Andersen Lene Frost, Weedon-Fekjær Harald, Blomhoff Rune
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Food Nutr Res. 2023 Sep 29;67. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9217. eCollection 2023.
Dietary and lifestyle indices are composite tools that are used to estimate risk of health outcomes.
We aimed to develop a diet and a lifestyle index assessing adherence to the national guidelines in Norway, and to investigate adherence in a nationwide survey of healthy subjects (Norkost3).
Cut-off values for the indices were based on the Norwegian food based dietary guidelines and national lifestyle guidelines. Adherence was evaluated in the Norkost3 ( = 1,787).
Twelve dietary components were included in the diet index 1) fruit and berries, 2) vegetables, 3) whole grains, 4) unsalted nuts, 5) fish, 6) low-fat dairy products, 7) margarine/oils, 8) red meat, 9) processed meat, 10) foods rich in sugar and fat, 11) drinks with added sugar, and 12) dietary supplements. Each of the components was assigned a value of 0, 0.5 or 1 corresponding to low, intermediate and high adherence, except for plant-based foods, which were assigned a value of 0, 1.5 or 3, providing a composite diet index ranging from 0 to 20 points. The five components in the lifestyle index (i.e. diet, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, tobacco and alcohol) was assigned a value of 0, 0.5 or 1, giving a final score ranging from zero to five points. In Norkost3, 49% (95% CI: 47, 52) of the participants had low adherence to the diet component, whereas only 2% (95% CI: 2, 3) achieved high adherence, although most of the subjects had high educational level. High adherence to the recommendations of BMI, tobacco and alcohol intake was observed in 50% (95% CI: 47, 52), 72% (95% CI: 70, 74) and 68% (95% CI: 66, 70) of the participants, respectively. Due to the lack of data on physical activity, adherence to this component in the lifestyle index is not presented in this study.
The new diet and lifestyle indices assess adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and other national lifestyle guidelines. In this study, half of the subjects had low diet and lifestyle index scores. There is a need to implement interventions to improve this by focusing on the specific lifestyle components with low adherence.
饮食和生活方式指数是用于评估健康结果风险的综合工具。
我们旨在制定一种饮食和生活方式指数，以评估对挪威国家指南的遵循情况，并在一项全国性的健康受试者调查（Norkost3）中调查遵循情况。
指数的临界值基于挪威以食物为基础的饮食指南和国家生活方式指南。在Norkost3（n = 1787）中评估遵循情况。
饮食指数包括12种饮食成分：1）水果和浆果，2）蔬菜，3）全谷物，4）无盐坚果，5）鱼类，6）低脂乳制品，7）人造黄油/油类，8）红肉，9）加工肉类，10）富含糖和脂肪的食物，11）添加糖的饮料，以及12）膳食补充剂。除了植物性食物被赋予0、1.5或3的值外，每种成分根据低、中、高遵循情况分别被赋予0、0.5或1的值，从而得出一个从0到20分的综合饮食指数。生活方式指数的五个成分（即饮食、体重指数（BMI）、身体活动、烟草和酒精）被赋予0、0.5或1的值，最终得分从0到5分。在Norkost3中，49%（95%CI：47，52）的参与者对饮食成分的遵循程度较低，而只有2%（95%CI：2，3）达到高遵循程度，尽管大多数受试者教育水平较高。分别有50%（95%CI：47，52）、72%（95%CI：70，74）和68%（95%CI：66，70）的参与者对BMI、烟草和酒精摄入建议的遵循程度较高。由于缺乏身体活动数据，本研究未呈现生活方式指数中该成分的遵循情况。
新的饮食和生活方式指数评估了对挪威以食物为基础的饮食指南（FBDGs）和其他国家生活方式指南的遵循情况。在本研究中，一半的受试者饮食和生活方式指数得分较低。有必要通过关注遵循程度较低的特定生活方式成分来实施干预措施以改善这种情况。
