Gnanasekar Sathishkumar, He Xiaodong, Nagay Bruna E, Xu Kun, Rao Xi, Duan Shun, Murugesan Selvakumar, Barão Valentim A R, Kang En-Tang, Xu Liqun
BRICS Joint Laboratory on Biomedical Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
Bioact Mater. 2025 May 12;51:150-176. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.05.002. eCollection 2025 Sep.
The colonization of planktonic bacteria onto implant surfaces is a serious concern in the medical field due to increasing infection-related mortality and fiscal difficulties worldwide. Various static, dynamic, and active coating techniques were established to tackle implant-associated infections (IAIs). However, the existing implant coating methods often confront issues with poor universality for different substrates, adaptability, stability, and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The miraculous two-dimensional (2D) MXenes with outstanding multimodal bactericidal effects have been spotted as promising non-antibiotic implant surface coating additives for superior antibiofilm and osseointegration properties. This review systematically assesses the recent progress of antibacterial MXenes and their revolutionary usage to prevent peri-implantitis. We specifically sought to disclose the various forms of MXenes, such as composites, heterojunctions (HJs), and functional biomaterials used in combatting MDR and non-MDR bacterial pathogens by adopting therapeutic ventures such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In addition, we outlined the extension of MXene antibacterial systems for orthopedic and dental implant surface engineering to improve their longevity and safety. A thorough understanding of antibacterial MXenes synthesis, surface modification strategies, and biocompatible functional properties was deliberated to facilitate the construction of innovative coatings. Lastly, some viewpoints on the current limitations and key considerations for the future concept design of MXenes-coated implants were contemplated constructively to promote clinical outcomes.
由于全球范围内与感染相关的死亡率上升和财政困难，浮游细菌在植入物表面的定植成为医学领域的一个严重问题。人们建立了各种静态、动态和活性涂层技术来解决植入物相关感染（IAIs）。然而，现有的植入物涂层方法常常面临不同基材通用性差、适应性、稳定性以及多重耐药性（MDR）出现等问题。具有出色多模态杀菌效果的神奇二维（2D）MXenes已被视为有前景的非抗生素植入物表面涂层添加剂，具有卓越的抗生物膜和骨整合特性。本综述系统评估了抗菌MXenes的最新进展及其在预防种植体周围炎方面的革命性应用。我们特别试图通过采用光热疗法（PTT）、光动力疗法（PDT）、化学动力疗法（CDT）和声动力疗法（SDT）等治疗手段，揭示MXenes的各种形式，如复合材料、异质结（HJs）以及用于对抗MDR和非MDR细菌病原体的功能性生物材料。此外，我们概述了MXene抗菌系统在骨科和牙科植入物表面工程中的扩展，以提高其使用寿命和安全性。深入了解抗菌MXenes的合成、表面改性策略和生物相容性功能特性，有助于构建创新涂层。最后，建设性地思考了关于MXene涂层植入物当前局限性和未来概念设计关键考虑因素的一些观点，以促进临床结果。
