Tan Lun, Li Xiao, Fan Caiyun, Wang Dian, Li Shuaihong, Ding Yuhang, Yang Zixi, Zhuo Zhao, Cheng Jianbo
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
Inner Mongolia Youran Dairy Group Limited, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Feb 8;21:107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.005. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Lentinan (LNT) is a bioactive polysaccharide that has been proven to improve the production performance of animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of LNT on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Through random block design, 80 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to four treatments (CON, control group, fed a basal diet; and 5LNT, 10LNT, 15LNT groups, fed a basal diet with 5, 10, 15 g/d LNT, respectively) according to the days in milk (57 ± 21.3 d), milk yield (42.3 ± 7.88 kg/d) and parity (3.44 ± 1.45). Each treatment had 20 replicates of one cow each. The results showed that there was a linear increment in the production of milk ( = 0.034, increased by 3.28 kg/d), milk protein ( = 0.020, increased by 76.04 g/d) and lactose ( = 0.003, increased by 213.07 g/d) with the increase in LNT doses. In addition, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) linearly increased with the increasing LNT supplementation ( = 0.008, increased by 15.42%). In terms of ruminal fermentation, oxidation-reduction potential value ( = 0.001, reduced by 35.89), the proportion of acetate ( = 0.004, reduced by 8.91%) and acetate to propionate ratio (A/P; = 0.002, reduced by 1.27) linearly decreased, while the proportion of propionate ( = 0.003, increased by 6.42%) and butyrate ( = 0.037, increased by 2.49%) linearly increased with the increase in LNT dosages. The changes in ruminal fermentation parameters led to changes in the ruminal microbiota and metabolites. Supplementation with LNT increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae ( < 0.05), and decreased the relative abundance of some harmful bacteria, such as Rhodobacteraceae, , and ( < 0.05). Moreover, LNT supplementation up-regulated 2-(pyridin-2-ylamino) benzoic acid and hippuric acid ( < 0.05), which could promote phenylalanine metabolism, and down-regulated some metabolites inhibiting arginine biosynthesis, like 2-methylglutaric acid and N2-acetylornithine ( < 0.05). Moreover, lentinan supplementation significantly elevated 2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)benzoic acid (Py-PABA) and hippurate ( < 0.05), metabolites associated with enhanced phenylalanine metabolism, while reducing inhibitors of arginine biosynthesis such as 2-methylglutaric acid and N²-acetylornithine ( < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of LNT could improve the ruminal microbiota and metabolism and further affect the lactation performance of cows.
香菇多糖（LNT）是一种生物活性多糖，已被证明可提高动物的生产性能。本研究的目的是探讨LNT对奶牛泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。通过随机区组设计，根据产奶天数（57±21.3天）、产奶量（42.3±7.88千克/天）和胎次（3.44±1.45），将80头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为四个处理组（CON，对照组，饲喂基础日粮；5LNT、10LNT、15LNT组，分别饲喂添加5、10、15克/天LNT的基础日粮）。每个处理组有20个重复，每个重复1头牛。结果表明，随着LNT剂量的增加，牛奶产量（P = 0.034，每天增加3.28千克）、乳蛋白（P = 0.020，每天增加76.04克）和乳糖（P = 0.003，每天增加213.07克）呈线性增加。此外，随着LNT添加量的增加，粗蛋白（CP）的表观消化率呈线性增加（P = 0.008，增加15.42%）。在瘤胃发酵方面，氧化还原电位值（P = 0.001，降低35.89）、乙酸比例（P = 0.004，降低8.91%）和乙酸与丙酸比例（A/P；P = 0.002降低1.27）呈线性下降，而丙酸比例（P = 0.003，增加6.42%）和丁酸比例（P = 0.037，增加2.49%）随着LNT剂量的增加呈线性增加。瘤胃发酵参数的变化导致瘤胃微生物群和代谢产物的变化。添加LNT增加了一些有益细菌的相对丰度，如毛螺菌科和瘤胃菌科（P < 0.05），并降低了一些有害细菌的相对丰度，如红杆菌科、、和（P < 0.05）。此外，添加LNT上调了2-（吡啶-2-基氨基）苯甲酸和马尿酸（P < 0.05），这可以促进苯丙氨酸代谢，并下调了一些抑制精氨酸生物合成的代谢产物，如2-甲基戊二酸和N2-乙酰鸟氨酸（P < 0.05）。此外，添加香菇多糖显著提高了2-（吡啶-2-基氨基）苯甲酸（Py-PABA）和马尿酸盐（P < 0.05），这些代谢产物与苯丙氨酸代谢增强有关，同时减少了精氨酸生物合成的抑制剂，如2-甲基戊二酸和N²-乙酰鸟氨酸（P < 0.05）。总之，添加LNT可以改善瘤胃微生物群和代谢，进而影响奶牛的泌乳性能。
