Peleg Micha
Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
Food Eng Rev. 2021;13(2):305-321. doi: 10.1007/s12393-020-09249-6. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
The same term "dose-response curve" describes the relationship between the number of ingested microbes or their logarithm, and the probability of acute illness or death (type I), and between a disinfectant's dose and the targeted microbe's survival ratio (type II), akin to survival curves in thermal and non-thermal inactivation kinetics. The most common model of type I curves is the cumulative form of the beta-Poisson distribution which is sometimes indistinguishable from the lognormal or Weibull distribution. The most notable survival kinetics models in static disinfection are of the Chick-Watson-Hom's kind. Their published dynamic versions, however, should be viewed with caution. A microbe population's type II dose-response curve, static and dynamic, can be viewed as expressing an underlying spectrum of individual vulnerabilities (or resistances) to the particular disinfectant. Therefore, such a curve can be described mathematically by the flexible Weibull distribution, whose scale parameter is a function of the disinfectant's intensity, temperature, and other factors. But where the survival ratio's drop is so steep that the static dose-response curve resembles a step function, the Fermi distribution function becomes a suitable substitute. The utility of the CT (or ) concept primarily used in water disinfection is challenged on theoretical grounds and its limitations highlighted. It is suggested that stochastic models of microbial inactivation could be used to link the fates of individual viruses or bacteria to their manifestation in the survival curve's shape. Although the emphasis is on viruses and bacteria, most of the discussion is relevant to fungi, protozoa, and perhaps worms too.
“剂量反应曲线”这一术语描述了摄入微生物数量或其对数与急性疾病或死亡概率（I型）之间的关系，以及消毒剂剂量与目标微生物存活率（II型）之间的关系，类似于热灭活动力学和非热灭活动力学中的存活曲线。I型曲线最常见的模型是β-泊松分布的累积形式，有时与对数正态分布或威布尔分布难以区分。静态消毒中最著名的存活动力学模型是齐克-沃森-霍姆类型的。然而，其已发表的动态版本应谨慎看待。微生物群体的II型剂量反应曲线，无论是静态还是动态的，都可以被视为表达了个体对特定消毒剂的潜在易感性（或抗性）谱。因此，这样的曲线可以用灵活的威布尔分布进行数学描述，其尺度参数是消毒剂强度、温度和其他因素的函数。但是，当存活率下降非常陡峭以至于静态剂量反应曲线类似于阶跃函数时，费米分布函数就成为了合适的替代。主要用于水消毒的CT（或 ）概念的实用性在理论上受到质疑，并突出了其局限性。有人建议，可以使用微生物失活的随机模型将单个病毒或细菌的命运与其在存活曲线形状中的表现联系起来。尽管重点是病毒和细菌，但大部分讨论也适用于真菌、原生动物，也许还适用于蠕虫。
