Shereen Muhammad Adnan, Khan Suliman, Kazmi Abeer, Bashir Nadia, Siddique Rabeea
The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
J Adv Res. 2020 Mar 16;24:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005. eCollection 2020 Jul.
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.
冠状病毒病19（COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的高度传染性和致病性病毒感染，该病毒在中国武汉出现并传播至全球。基因组分析显示，SARS-CoV-2在系统发育上与严重急性呼吸综合征样（SARS样）蝙蝠病毒相关，因此蝙蝠可能是其可能的主要宿主。然而，病毒起源并传播给人类的中间来源尚不清楚，但人际间的快速传播已得到广泛证实。目前尚无经临床批准可用于对抗COVID-19的抗病毒药物或疫苗。不过，少数广谱抗病毒药物已在临床试验中针对COVID-19进行了评估，并实现了临床康复。在本综述中，我们总结并比较分析了COVID-19感染以及既往人类冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）的出现及致病性。我们还讨论了开发有效疫苗和治疗组合以应对此次病毒爆发的方法。
