Su Haixia, Xu Yechun, Jiang Hualiang
CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Fundam Res. 2021 Mar;1(2):151-165. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.01.013. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
A newly emerged coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to the β-coronavirus family and shows high similarities with SARS-CoV. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic, and the disease was named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 46 million infections and over one million deaths worldwide, and the numbers are still increasing. Efficacious antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat this virus. The life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 mainly includes the viral attachment, membrane fusion, genomic replication, assembly and budding of virions. Accordingly, drug development against SARS-CoV-2 currently focuses on blocking spike protein binding to ACE2, inhibiting viral membrane fusion with host cells, and preventing the viral replication by targeting 3C-like protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as well as some host-cell proteins. In this review, the advances of drug development in these three major areas are elaborated.
一种新出现的冠状病毒，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），属于β冠状病毒科，与SARS-CoV具有高度相似性。2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布SARS-CoV-2为全球大流行病，该疾病被命名为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。持续的COVID-19大流行已在全球造成超过4600万例感染和超过100万人死亡，且数字仍在增加。迫切需要有效的抗病毒药物来对抗这种病毒。SARS-CoV-2的生命周期主要包括病毒附着、膜融合、基因组复制、病毒粒子的组装和出芽。因此，目前针对SARS-CoV-2的药物开发集中在阻断刺突蛋白与ACE2的结合、抑制病毒与宿主细胞的膜融合，以及通过靶向3C样蛋白酶、木瓜样蛋白酶、RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶以及一些宿主细胞蛋白来阻止病毒复制。在本综述中，阐述了这三个主要领域药物开发的进展。
