Himonakos Christos, Emilsson Louise, Bensing Sophie, Berinder Katarina
Endocr Connect. 2025 Jun 19;14(6). doi: 10.1530/EC-25-0108. Print 2025 Jun 1.
Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer.
In this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3,837 patients (2,955 (77%) women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38,370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis.
Cancer outcomes (overall and specific types), as registered in the Swedish Cancer Register, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).
During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1,608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89-1.23)). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer (aHR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.68-1.51)). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer.
In this nationwide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed.
催乳素（PRL）促进细胞增殖，且在多种癌症类型中催乳素受体表达升高。然而，仅有少数研究调查了高催乳素血症（HPL）患者的癌症风险。本研究的目的是在全国范围内调查诊断为HPL的患者的癌症风险，特别关注乳腺癌。
在这项基于瑞典人群的队列研究中，我们利用全国登记处识别出2006年至2019年间接受多巴胺激动剂（DA）治疗的3837例HPL患者（2955例（77%）为女性），以及在首次HPL诊断时按年龄、性别、日历年和居住县匹配的38370例对照。
使用Cox回归分析瑞典癌症登记处记录的癌症结局（总体和特定类型），在内部按匹配变量分层，并额外调整糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟、过度饮酒、激素替代疗法和教育水平，以估计调整后的风险比（aHRs）。
在中位随访时间6.1年（四分位间距（IQR）3.4 - 9.6）内，HPL患者中确定了168例（4.6%）新癌症病例，对照组中为1608例（4.4%）（aHR 1.05（95%CI：0.89 - 1.23））。HPL组中有28例（0.7%）患者（均为女性）发生乳腺癌，对照组中有267例（0.7%）（aHR 1.02（95%CI：0.68 - 1.51））。同样，其他任何部位特异性癌症的风险均未增加。
在这项对接受DA治疗的HPL患者进行的全国性队列研究中，未观察到总体癌症、乳腺癌或其他部位特异性恶性肿瘤的风险增加。
