Schaedel Lara, Dadaczynski Kevin
Fachbereich Gesundheitswissenschaften, Hochschule Fulda, Leipziger Straße 123, Fulda, Deutschland.
Zentrum für Angewandte Gesundheitswissenschaften, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Deutschland.
Pravent Gesundh. 2022 Nov 8:1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11553-022-00989-3.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entails health-related risks for all humans, especially for vulnerable people. People at the age of 50 or older, smokers and people with obesity and comorbidities are at higher risk for a severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course. For this population group in particular, there is an increased need for protection. The extent to which protective behavior differs between individuals with high and low health vulnerability has been little studied so far.
An online cross-sectional study was conducted including a convenience sample of 210 individuals aged 18 years and older living in Germany. In addition to infection protection measures, information seeking behavior and COVID-19-related health literacy were assessed. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed, with a significance level of < 0.05 for all analyses.
Across all ages and levels of education, respondents showed a high level of compliance with infection protection measures (84%). While wearing a mask (96%) and avoiding travelling and shaking hands (95%) were used most frequently, touching one's face with unwashed hands were reported by 47%. People aged under 30 years (35%) as well as those with limited health literacy (28%) showed significantly lower levels of protective behaviors in bivariate and multivariate analyses. However, stratified by the number of health vulnerabilities no differences in preventive protective behavior could be found.
A high level of use of preventive protective measures was identified among respondents in this study. In univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses, health-related vulnerabilities are not associated with higher levels of protective behavior. Especially people with limited COVID-19-related health literacy show deficits in protective behaviors. There is a special need of target-group-specific information.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）给所有人带来与健康相关的风险，尤其是弱势群体。50岁及以上的人群、吸烟者以及患有肥胖症和合并症的人患重症2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险更高。对于这一特定人群，保护需求有所增加。到目前为止，健康脆弱性高和低的个体之间的保护行为差异程度鲜有研究。
开展了一项在线横断面研究，纳入了210名年龄在18岁及以上、居住在德国的个体组成的便利样本。除了感染防护措施外，还评估了信息寻求行为和与COVID-19相关的健康素养。进行了单变量、双变量和多变量分析，所有分析的显著性水平均<0.05。
在所有年龄和教育水平的受访者中，对感染防护措施的依从性较高（84%）。虽然戴口罩（96%）以及避免旅行和握手（95%）的使用最为频繁，但有47%的人报告存在用未洗手的手触摸脸部的情况。在双变量和多变量分析中，30岁以下的人群（35%）以及健康素养有限的人群（28%）的保护行为水平显著较低。然而，按健康脆弱性数量分层后，未发现预防保护行为存在差异。
本研究中的受访者对预防性保护措施的使用率较高。在单变量、双变量和多变量分析中，与健康相关的脆弱性与更高水平的保护行为无关。尤其是与COVID-19相关健康素养有限的人群在保护行为方面存在不足。特别需要针对特定目标群体的信息。
