Hirani Sagar, Hirani Tanvi, Shah Alap, Patel Shirishkumar, Mehta Miral, Patel Pratiksha, Kumar Santosh, Haque Mainul
Department of Periodontology and Implantology, College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND.
Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND.
Cureus. 2025 May 7;17(5):e83647. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83647. eCollection 2025 May.
Introduction The etiology of malocclusion is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental influences. The literature has shown that neither a single entity, hereditary or genetic factors, nor ecological factors alone are responsible for causing malocclusion; furthermore, constant thumb-sucking and pacifier use, bony anomalies, congenitally missing teeth, oral injury, mouth breathing, etc., often cause malocclusion. Participants were selected from those who reported to the outpatient department of the Karnavati School of Dentistry in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, indicating a clinic-based sampling method. Both hereditary and environmental factors were equally considered as causative factors. This research aims to determine how craniofacial patterns associated with class II division 2 malocclusion are inherited from parents to their children through a pedigree analysis. Methods Patients diagnosed with class II division 2 malocclusion underwent thorough intraoral and extraoral assessments. Cephalometric tracings were included in the study after meeting the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Family trees were created and analyzed using Cyrillic Software. Results A stronger correlation was found between patients and their fathers regarding skeletal and dental measurements. In contrast, the correlation coefficients for skeletal parameters between patient-mother pairs showed highly significant correlations, whereas no statistically significant correlation was found for dental parameters. Conclusion The morphogenetic expression in this study revealed that class II division 2 malocclusion exhibited sexual dimorphism for this specific category. Genetic counseling for parents can aid in early diagnosis and the development of prevention strategies. Mutations that are likely to occur due to the presence or absence of a particular gene or group of genes can be avoided if the prevalence of the specific gene associated with that condition is known.
引言
错颌畸形的病因是多因素的，涉及遗传和环境影响。文献表明，无论是单一因素，即遗传或基因因素，还是单独的生态因素，都不是导致错颌畸形的原因；此外，持续的吮拇指和使用安抚奶嘴、骨骼异常、先天性缺牙、口腔损伤、口呼吸等，常常会导致错颌畸形。研究对象选自印度古吉拉特邦甘地讷格尔市卡尔纳瓦蒂牙科学院门诊部的患者，采用基于诊所的抽样方法。遗传和环境因素均被视为致病因素。本研究旨在通过系谱分析确定与安氏II类2分类错颌畸形相关的颅面模式是如何从父母遗传给子女的。
方法
被诊断为安氏II类2分类错颌畸形的患者接受了全面的口腔内和口腔外评估。在符合既定的纳入和排除标准后，将头影测量描图纳入研究。使用西里尔软件创建并分析家族树。
结果
在骨骼和牙齿测量方面，患者与其父亲之间的相关性更强。相比之下，患者与母亲对之间骨骼参数的相关系数显示出高度显著的相关性，而牙齿参数则未发现统计学上的显著相关性。
结论
本研究中的形态发生学表达表明，安氏II类2分类错颌畸形在这一特定类别中表现出性别二态性。为父母提供遗传咨询有助于早期诊断和制定预防策略。如果已知与该疾病相关的特定基因的患病率，就可以避免因特定基因或一组基因的存在或缺失而可能发生的突变。
