Zhao Lei, Wu Yiting, Zhu Hui, Lin Yanmei, Su Hang, Hu Jingwei, Zhang Min, Bao Wuping
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
J Asthma Allergy. 2025 Jun 3;18:915-926. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S519591. eCollection 2025.
Total immunoglobulin E (t-IgE) and eosinophils as central effector molecular and cells are crucial biomarkers for allergic diseases. Age, sex and allergic symptoms may influence these biomarkers and the relationship among t-IgE, eosinophils, and atopic diseases remained unknown.
A five-year retrospective study enrolled 7654 patients with allergic symptoms underwent allergen testing. We collected age, sex, symptoms, and complete blood counts and explored variations in t-IgE and eosinophil across demographic and clinical parameters.
Among atopic patients, t-IgE levels peaked in children, decreasing with age, with a slight increase in the elderly, mirroring eosinophil trends. Females consistently exhibited lower t-IgE and eosinophil levels than males, regardless of atopic status. High t-IgE and eosinophils were the most common in patients ≥12 years with respiratory symptoms. Dust mites often caused respiratory symptoms. Egg allergies typically affected the ear, nose, and throat (ENT). Seafood/peanut allergies were linked to skin symptoms. Interestingly, elevated t-IgE and eosinophil levels did not consistently correlate with positive allergen tests. Among atopic patients, 44.5% exhibited normal t-IgE, and 41.4% had normal eosinophils. In the subgroup (22.8%) with both markers normal, more were females (62.5%). Sensitization to allergens like soy, shrimp, mold combination, Artemisia argyi, common ragweed, and willow/aspen/elm may fail to elevate t-IgE and eosinophils.
Characteristics such as older age, female, skin and ENT symptoms, and allergens may correlate with lower t-IgE and eosinophils in the allergic populations which means we should pay more attention to these population, even if their t-IgE and eosinophils are normal, the allergen test is necessary for treatment strategies.
ChiCTR2300067700 (Date of Registration: 2023-01-18).
总免疫球蛋白E（t-IgE）和嗜酸性粒细胞作为主要的效应分子和细胞，是过敏性疾病的关键生物标志物。年龄、性别和过敏症状可能会影响这些生物标志物，而t-IgE、嗜酸性粒细胞与特应性疾病之间的关系尚不清楚。
一项为期五年的回顾性研究纳入了7654例有过敏症状并接受过敏原检测的患者。我们收集了年龄、性别、症状和全血细胞计数，并探讨了t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞在人口统计学和临床参数方面的变化。
在特应性患者中，t-IgE水平在儿童期达到峰值，随年龄增长而下降，在老年人中略有上升，与嗜酸性粒细胞的趋势相似。无论特应性状态如何，女性的t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞水平始终低于男性。t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞水平高在≥12岁有呼吸道症状的患者中最为常见。尘螨常引起呼吸道症状。鸡蛋过敏通常影响耳、鼻、喉（ENT）。海鲜/花生过敏与皮肤症状有关。有趣的是，t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞水平升高与过敏原检测呈阳性并不总是相关。在特应性患者中，44.5%的患者t-IgE正常，41.4%的患者嗜酸性粒细胞正常。在两种标志物均正常（22.8%）的亚组中，女性更多（62.5%）。对大豆、虾、霉菌组合、艾草、豚草和柳树/白杨/榆树等过敏原的致敏可能不会使t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞升高。
年龄较大、女性、皮肤和耳鼻喉症状以及过敏原等特征可能与过敏人群中较低的t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞相关，这意味着我们应该更加关注这些人群，即使他们的t-IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞正常，进行过敏原检测对治疗策略也是必要的。
ChiCTR2300067700（注册日期：2023年1月18日）。
