V Pranavi, Kulkarni Keertivardhan D
Respiratory Medicine, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Respiratory Medicine, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Bijapur Lingayat Development Education (BLDE) (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 19;16(8):e67183. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67183. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Introduction Respiratory allergies are prevalent across all populations and age groups, with the specific types of allergens varying according to geographic area, climate, location, economic status, and ethnic identity. While skin prick testing is considered the gold standard for assessing specific IgE against particular allergens, several factors can make the test less preferred. Consequently, total serum IgE levels and eosinophil counts are often used instead. Objectives The study aimed to determine allergen sensitivity patterns among patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and to correlate skin prick test (SPT) reactivity with total serum IgE levels and absolute eosinophil count (AECs). This was done to assess the potential use of these measures as screening tests. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Each patient underwent an allergen SPT, and measurements were taken for total serum IgE levels and eosinophil counts. The study identified the most common allergens resulting in positive SPTs. Pearson correlation test was used for continuous variables, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study found that the majority of patients had only allergic rhinitis (17, 38.6%), followed by those with only asthma (12, 27.3%), and those with both allergic rhinitis and asthma (15, 34.1%). The most common allergen was Blomia (house dust mite), affecting 22 (50%) patients, while the least common were honey bee and lemon, each affecting 1 (2.3%) patient. There was a significant correlation between total serum IgE levels and AECs (p < 0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was found between total serum IgE levels, eosinophil counts, and the number of allergens to which patients were sensitized. Conclusion Blomia (house dust mite) is the most common allergen among patients with respiratory allergies in North Karnataka. While total serum IgE levels and AECs may help identify the extent of allergen sensitivity, the SPT remains the gold standard.
引言 呼吸道过敏在所有人群和年龄组中都很普遍，具体的过敏原类型因地理区域、气候、地点、经济状况和种族身份而异。虽然皮肤点刺试验被认为是评估针对特定过敏原的特异性IgE的金标准，但有几个因素会使该试验不太受欢迎。因此，总血清IgE水平和嗜酸性粒细胞计数常被取而代之。
目的 本研究旨在确定过敏性鼻炎和/或哮喘患者的过敏原敏感性模式，并将皮肤点刺试验（SPT）反应性与总血清IgE水平和绝对嗜酸性粒细胞计数（AEC）相关联。这样做是为了评估这些指标作为筛查试验的潜在用途。
材料和方法 对44例诊断为过敏性鼻炎和/或哮喘的患者进行了一项横断面研究。每位患者都接受了过敏原SPT，并测量了总血清IgE水平和嗜酸性粒细胞计数。该研究确定了导致SPT呈阳性的最常见过敏原。对连续变量使用Pearson相关检验，p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果 研究发现，大多数患者仅患有过敏性鼻炎（17例，38.6%），其次是仅患有哮喘的患者（12例，27.3%），以及同时患有过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的患者（15例，34.1%）。最常见的过敏原是柏氏禽刺螨（屋尘螨），影响了22例（50%）患者，而最不常见的是蜜蜂和柠檬，各影响1例（2.3%）患者。总血清IgE水平与AEC之间存在显著相关性（p<0.05）。此外，在总血清IgE水平、嗜酸性粒细胞计数与患者致敏的过敏原数量之间发现了具有统计学意义的相关性。
结论 在北卡纳塔克邦，柏氏禽刺螨（屋尘螨）是呼吸道过敏患者中最常见的过敏原。虽然总血清IgE水平和AEC可能有助于确定过敏原敏感性的程度，但SPT仍然是金标准。
