Jayasinghe Aloka, St Clair Tracy Helen, Ravenscroft John, Blaikie Andrew
School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
Infection & Global Health Division, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 9;20(6):e0324914. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324914. eCollection 2025.
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of visual impairment in children in high income countries. Despite its prevalence, awareness of CVI among educators remains low, meaning that many affected children may not receive the support they need in school. While previous research has highlighted the challenges faced by children with CVI, few studies have systematically assessed teacher awareness and the effectiveness of targeted educational interventions in improving classroom practices. This study addresses this gap by evaluating: (1) teacher awareness of CVI, (2) existing classroom practices that may impact children with CVI, (3) the effectiveness of two CVI educational media formats (video and text) in increasing understanding, and (4) the changes teachers would be willing to implement following exposure to these resources. By comparing the impact of these two formats, this study provides insights into how best to deliver CVI training for teachers in a way that is both accessible and effective. A total of 111 teachers from primary, secondary, and special schools across the UK participated in a survey incorporating either a three-minute video simulation or a 1.5-minute text-based resource about CVI. Before exposure, 72% of participants had not heard of CVI, with awareness particularly low among mainstream teachers (98% of primary and 80% of secondary teachers were unaware). Teachers also reported inconsistent use of CVI-supportive practices, such as reducing classroom clutter and simplifying smart screen content. Both media formats significantly increased teachers' willingness to implement changes (p < 0.0001). The text format showed a slightly greater increase in average Likert scores, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a larger statistical effect for text (z = -12.91) compared to video (z = -8.90). However, the video format was also highly effective, producing a similarly strong impact, with both formats achieving an identical median increase of 1.0. These results suggest that while text may have led to slightly larger shifts in rank-based scores, the video format remained a powerful and engaging tool for increasing teachers' willingness to implement CVI-supportive strategies. The findings suggest that small, manageable adaptations, such as reducing visual distractions and maintaining consistency in classroom layouts, are practical for teachers and may have a meaningful impact on children with CVI. This study highlights the potential of bite-size learning resources in raising awareness and encouraging evidence-based teaching adaptations. By providing concise, accessible materials, teachers can be equipped with strategies to support children with CVI while minimising additional workload demands. Future efforts should focus on scaling these resources to reach a wider audience, including families and caregivers, to foster a more inclusive understanding and response to CVI.
脑性视觉障碍(CVI)是高收入国家儿童视力障碍的主要原因。尽管其发病率较高,但教育工作者对CVI的认知度仍然很低,这意味着许多受影响的儿童在学校可能无法获得他们所需的支持。虽然先前的研究强调了CVI儿童面临的挑战,但很少有研究系统地评估教师的认知度以及针对性教育干预措施在改善课堂实践方面的有效性。本研究通过评估以下方面填补了这一空白:(1)教师对CVI的认知度;(2)可能影响CVI儿童的现有课堂实践;(3)两种CVI教育媒体形式(视频和文本)在提高理解方面的有效性;(4)教师在接触这些资源后愿意实施的改变。通过比较这两种形式的影响,本研究深入了解了如何以一种既易于获取又有效的方式为教师提供最佳的CVI培训。来自英国小学、中学和特殊学校的111名教师参与了一项调查,该调查包含一个三分钟的视频模拟或一个1.5分钟的关于CVI的文本资源。在接触之前,72%的参与者没有听说过CVI,主流教师中的认知度尤其低(98%的小学教师和80%的中学教师不知道)。教师们还报告说,在使用支持CVI的实践方面不一致,比如减少教室杂物和简化智能屏幕内容。两种媒体形式都显著提高了教师实施改变的意愿(p < 0.0001)。文本形式在平均李克特量表得分上的提升略大,威尔科克森符号秩检验显示,与视频(z = -8.90)相比,文本的统计效应更大(z = -12.91)。然而,视频形式也非常有效,产生了同样强烈的影响,两种形式的中位数提升均为1.0。这些结果表明,虽然文本可能在基于排名的得分上导致了略大的变化,但视频形式仍然是提高教师实施支持CVI策略意愿的强大且有吸引力的工具。研究结果表明,一些小的、易于管理的调整,比如减少视觉干扰和保持教室布局的一致性,对教师来说是切实可行的,并且可能对CVI儿童产生有意义的影响。本研究强调了小型、易于管理的学习资源在提高认知度和鼓励基于证据的教学调整方面的潜力。通过提供简洁、易于获取的材料,可以让教师掌握支持CVI儿童的策略,同时将额外的工作量需求降至最低。未来的努力应集中在扩大这些资源的传播范围,以覆盖更广泛的受众,包括家庭和照顾者,以促进对CVI更具包容性的理解和应对。