Canales-Delgadillo Julio César, Vázquez-Pérez Nallely, Viveros-Santos Vicente, Pérez-Ceballos Rosela, Cardoso-Mohedano José Gilberto, Zaldívar-Jiménez Arturo, Celis-Hernández Omar, Gómez-Ponce Alejandro, Merino-Ibarra Martín
Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI), CDMX, México.
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología UNAM, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jun 9;19(6):e0012316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012316. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Mosquito diversity influences disease risk because only certain species transmit pathogens, making the identification of species assemblages essential. To better understand mosquito diversity in the southern Gulf of Mexico, we conducted a study on Isla del Carmen, Campeche, from September 2019 to December 2020. Adult mosquitoes were collected using buccal aspirators during 24-hour cycles in mangrove and low-semideciduous forest patches across three climate seasons: norte, rainy and dry. Sampling occurred every four hours, and species were identified. Hill numbers of order q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2, non-binomial GLMs, NMDS, PERMANOVA, and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze mosquito diversity, abundance, and phenology. We collected 21,424 mosquitoes from 11 genera, 26 species, and four morphospecies. The mosquito abundance and richness peaked during the norte season (β = 1.057, z = 2.480, p = 0.013), with the season being the primary determinant of abundance (PERMANOVA, F = 7.229, R² = 0.512, p = 0.003). The vegetation type and sampling hour showed effects only when excluding the eudominant Aedes taeniorhynchus. The top five genera, Aedes, Psorophora, Mansonia, Culex and Anopheles, exhibited distinct phenological patterns, with abundance peaking between September 2019 and February 2020. Isla del Carmen is a key region for mosquito diversity in the Yucatan Peninsula, hosting species known to transmit pathogens to humans and wildlife. Our findings highlight the norte season, when cooler temperatures and moderate rainfall are present, as a critical period for mosquito activity, emphasizing the need for targeted vector surveillance and control efforts during this time in the region. This study provides valuable insights into mosquito community dynamics and their implications for public health in coastal areas of southern Mexico.
蚊子的多样性会影响疾病风险，因为只有某些物种会传播病原体，因此确定物种组合至关重要。为了更好地了解墨西哥湾南部的蚊子多样性，我们于2019年9月至2020年12月在坎佩切州的卡门岛进行了一项研究。在三个气候季节（北风季、雨季和旱季）中，使用口腔吸蚊器在红树林和低半落叶林斑块中进行24小时循环采集成年蚊子。每四小时进行一次采样，并对物种进行鉴定。使用q = 0、q = 1和q = 2阶的希尔数、非二项式广义线性模型、非度量多维标度法、置换多元方差分析和广义估计方程来分析蚊子的多样性、丰度和物候。我们从11个属、26个物种和4个形态种中收集了21424只蚊子。蚊子的丰度和丰富度在北风季达到峰值（β = 1.057，z = 2.480，p = 0.013），该季节是丰度的主要决定因素（置换多元方差分析，F = 7.229，R² = 0.512，p = 0.003）。仅在排除优势种埃及伊蚊后，植被类型和采样时间才显示出影响。排名前五的属，即伊蚊属、骚蚊属、曼蚊属、库蚊属和按蚊属，呈现出不同的物候模式，丰度在2019年9月至2020年2月之间达到峰值。卡门岛是尤卡坦半岛蚊子多样性的关键区域，拥有已知会将病原体传播给人类和野生动物的物种。我们的研究结果突出了北风季，即温度较低且降雨适中的时期，是蚊子活动的关键时期，强调了该地区在此期间进行有针对性的病媒监测和控制工作的必要性。这项研究为墨西哥南部沿海地区的蚊子群落动态及其对公共卫生的影响提供了有价值的见解。
