Phillips J Craig, Laroussi Hatem, Williams Julie E
J. Craig Phillips, LLM, PhD, RN, ACRN, FAAN, FCAN, is full professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Hatem Laroussi, MSN, RN, is a PhD candidate, Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and scholar, VITAM-Centre de recherche en Santé Durable, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2025 Jun 10;36(4):327-334. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000570.
Recent policies-executive actions, judgments, and legislation-that define sex as female and male are rooted in colonial and puritanical interpretations of sex. These policies reinforce cis-heteronormativity and reify hegemonic male dominance in society. Proponents of these policies claim they are based on the definition of biological sex, which would suggest sex is based solely on the presence of gametes, eggs, and sperm. This ignores the natural variations that occur through multiple aspects of sex development that converge to constitute an organism's sex and denies the social aspects of gender and sexuality in humans. Policies based on misinterpretation of biological variability are exclusionary and violate people's civil and human rights, rendering us all less human. We propose recommendations that use inclusive theoretical underpinnings from Black feminism and queer theory and a framework of legal determinants of justice to create policies grounded in human rights principles of dignity and respect.
最近将性别定义为女性和男性的政策——行政行动、判决和立法——植根于对性别的殖民和清教徒式解读。这些政策强化了顺性别异性恋规范,并使社会中霸权男性的主导地位具体化。这些政策的支持者声称它们基于生物性别的定义,这意味着性别仅基于配子、卵子和精子的存在。这忽略了性发育多个方面出现的自然变异,这些变异共同构成了一个生物体的性别,并否认了人类性别和性取向的社会层面。基于对生物变异性的错误解读的政策具有排他性,侵犯了人们的公民权利和人权,使我们所有人都变得不那么有人性。我们提出建议,利用来自黑人女性主义和酷儿理论的包容性理论基础以及正义的法律决定因素框架,来制定基于尊严和尊重的人权原则的政策。