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2025年皮肤病学中的疫苗接种:根据德国疫苗接种常设委员会的当前建议进行更新

Vaccination in dermatology 2025: Update considering current recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination.

作者信息

Stoevesandt Johanna, Schmalzing Marc, Mohme Sophia, Goebeler Matthias

机构信息

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

出版信息

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2025 Aug;23(8):925-930. doi: 10.1111/ddg.15785. Epub 2025 Jun 11.

Abstract

The immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatment of dermatological patients necessitates the regular review and updating of standard vaccinations and vaccines indicated for specific conditions. The German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute regularly publishes evidence-based vaccination recommendations, which are adapted to the current epidemiological situation and availability of vaccines. Since 2020, several changes have been made that are relevant for patients with dermato(onco)logical diseases: (1) COVID-19 was defined as a new viral disease and several vaccines have been introduced; (2) in response to the global Mpox outbreak in 2022, a non-replicating live vaccine based on the modified Ankara vaccinia virus, which was approved in 2013 for the prevention of smallpox, was given an indication extension; (3) a new inactivated high-dose vaccine was approved for influenza vaccination of persons aged 60 years and older; (4) a new 20-valent conjugate vaccine is available for pneumococcal vaccination; (5) two recombinant vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were recently approved. This article discusses the correspondingly adapted STIKO recommendations for adults, with particular emphasis on their implementation in immunocompromised patients in dermatology.

摘要

对皮肤科患者进行免疫抑制和免疫调节治疗时,有必要定期审查和更新标准疫苗接种以及针对特定情况推荐的疫苗。位于罗伯特·科赫研究所的德国疫苗接种常设委员会(STIKO)定期发布基于证据的疫苗接种建议,这些建议会根据当前的流行病学情况和疫苗供应情况进行调整。自2020年以来,已经做出了几项与皮肤(肿瘤)科疾病患者相关的变更:(1)新冠病毒病被定义为一种新的病毒性疾病,并且已经推出了几种疫苗;(2)针对2022年全球猴痘疫情,一种基于改良安卡拉痘苗病毒的非复制性活疫苗(该疫苗于2013年被批准用于预防天花)的适应证得到了扩展;(3)一种新的高剂量灭活疫苗被批准用于60岁及以上人群的流感疫苗接种;(4)一种新的20价结合疫苗可用于肺炎球菌疫苗接种;(5)两种针对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的重组疫苗最近获得批准。本文讨论了STIKO针对成年人相应调整后的建议,特别强调了这些建议在皮肤科免疫功能低下患者中的实施情况。

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