Customizing the electric field of metalens with high degrees of freedom based on neural network.

The metasurfaces are able to flexibly control electromagnetic waves. However, their design necessitates strict phase matching, which requires high computational load, and its control method has low flexibility. This paper proposes a novel method for the customization of the electric field of metalens with high degrees of freedom based on an improved Pixel Generative Adversarial Network (I-pixGAN). This I-pixGAN can design the phase distribution of the metalens according to the customized target electric field, and the constructed metalens based on this phase can modulate the target electric field. The results show that the proposed I-pixGAN can arbitrarily control the position of the focus in three-dimensional space, where the focus position is offset within one wavelength. Therefore, it is not need to strictly follow the electric field distribution characteristics, and it can flexibly construct unknown electric field, realizing a highly free electric field customization method in three-dimensional space, providing a new way for electric field operation. This paper promotes the development of electric focusing systems, not only improving focusing accuracy but also enhancing system flexibility and promoting the automation and intelligence of optical and terahertz systems.