Koeman Jamison, Pan Wenchu, Eisenberg Alexa, Wang Lu, Mehdipanah Roshanak
Department of Health Behavior and Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Urban Health. 2025 Jun 11. doi: 10.1007/s11524-025-00985-w.
Anti-Black mortgage lending discrimination (MLD) has resulted in homeownership disparities among White and Black households. This study examines the association between MLD and health opportunities, based on various neighborhood determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, and housing status), in Michigan's three largest metropolitan areas. Multilevel models using data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Census from 2015 to 2019 were used to examine the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial. An association analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial and neighborhood health opportunities. Loan denial for Black mortgage applicants was 1.99 (95% CI1.87, 2.12) times more likely than for White applicants. Neighborhoods with greater anti-Black MLD had fewer harmful environmental exposures, greater health insurance coverage, and better housing and socio-economic conditions. Anti-Black MLD remains a common practice and supports the assertion that Black home-seekers experience greater MLD in neighborhoods with better opportunities for health compared to White home-seekers, who access these benefits more freely. Greater protections against MLD-including increasing oversight of the data reporting requirements and improving mortgage access for Black households-are needed to promote health equity.
反黑人抵押贷款歧视(MLD)导致了白人和黑人家庭在住房拥有率上的差距。本研究基于密歇根州三大都市区健康的各种邻里决定因素(如就业、教育和住房状况),考察了MLD与健康机会之间的关联。使用来自《住房抵押贷款披露法》和2015年至2019年人口普查数据的多层次模型来检验抵押贷款拒绝的黑白比值比。进行了关联分析,以考察抵押贷款拒绝的黑白比值比与邻里健康机会之间的关系。黑人抵押贷款申请人被拒绝贷款的可能性是白人申请人的1.99倍(95%置信区间为1.87, 2.12)。反黑人MLD程度较高的社区有害环境暴露较少、医疗保险覆盖率较高,住房和社会经济条件较好。反黑人MLD仍然是一种常见现象,这支持了以下观点:与白人购房者相比,黑人购房者在健康机会更好的社区中面临更大的MLD,而白人购房者能更自由地获得这些福利。需要加强对MLD的保护——包括加强对数据报告要求的监督以及改善黑人家庭的抵押贷款获取渠道——以促进健康公平。
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