Pileckaite Enrika, Vilkeviciute Alvita, Liutkevicius Vykintas, Liutkeviciene Rasa
Neuroscience Institute, Medical academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania.
Discov Oncol. 2025 Jun 12;16(1):1068. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02898-1.
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignancy of the respiratory tract after lung cancer, presents symptoms like hoarseness, sore throat, and dysphagia, and about 150,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide annually. Risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variations, including TAS2R16 polymorphisms, significantly influence LSCC development. Recent research suggests TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor, may play a role in inflammation regulation and could be linked to cancer susceptibility, particularly in individuals with alcohol and nicotine dependency.
A total of 312 LSCC patients and 320 healthy controls participated in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using salting-out technology. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping. Using the ELISA technique, serum levels were measured.
The distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes of TAS2R16 rs860170 is statistically significantly different in groups: LSCC patients, both early-stage and late-stage LSCC patients, patients without metastasis and control group. Results showed that TAS2R16 rs1357949 GG and AG genotypes together are associated with decreased odds of developing LSCC in non-smoking patients under the dominant model. Also, each rs1357949 G allele was found to decrease the odds of LSCC occurrence in non-smokers under the additive model. TAS2R16 serum levels in the LSCC were greater in TAS2R16 rs978739 CT genotype carriers than in the control group.
The distribution of TAS2R16 rs860170 genotypes varies notably between LSCC patients, including those at early and late stages, as well as those without metastasis. Additionally, rs1357949 GG and AG genotypes show a protective effect against LSCC development in non-smokers, with the G allele reducing the odds of occurrence. Higher serum levels of TAS2R16 were observed in LSCC patients with the rs978739 CT genotype, suggesting a potential link between these genetic variations and LSCC pathophysiology.
喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）是继肺癌之后呼吸道第二常见的恶性肿瘤，表现为声音嘶哑、咽痛和吞咽困难等症状，全球每年约有15万新病例被诊断出来。吸烟、饮酒等危险因素以及包括TAS2R16多态性在内的基因变异，对LSCC的发生发展有显著影响。最近的研究表明，苦味受体TAS2R16可能在炎症调节中起作用，并且可能与癌症易感性有关，特别是在酒精和尼古丁依赖者中。
共有312例LSCC患者和320名健康对照者参与了该研究。采用盐析技术提取脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）。使用实时聚合酶链反应进行基因分型。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术测量血清水平。
TAS2R16 rs860170的TT、CT和CC基因型分布在LSCC患者组、早期和晚期LSCC患者组、无转移患者组和对照组之间存在统计学显著差异。结果表明，在显性模型下，TAS2R16 rs1357949的GG和AG基因型共同与非吸烟患者发生LSCC的几率降低相关。此外，在加性模型下，发现每个rs1357949 G等位基因可降低非吸烟者发生LSCC的几率。LSCC患者中TAS2R16 rs978739 CT基因型携带者的TAS2R16血清水平高于对照组。
TAS2R16 rs860170基因型的分布在LSCC患者（包括早期和晚期患者以及无转移患者）之间存在显著差异。此外，rs1357949的GG和AG基因型对非吸烟者的LSCC发生具有保护作用，G等位基因降低了发生几率。在rs978739 CT基因型的LSCC患者中观察到较高的TAS2R16血清水平，表明这些基因变异与LSCC病理生理学之间存在潜在联系。
