Shirke Avanti V, Radke Elizabeth G, Jones Ryan, Allen Barrett D, Lin Cynthia J, Ross Amanda, Vetter Nicole, Lemeris Courtney, Hartman Pamela, Eftim Sorina, Varghese Arun, Blain Robyn, Hubbard Heidi, Williams Antony J, Thayer Kristina A, Carlson Laura M
1Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), U.S. EPA, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division (HEEAD), U.S. EPA, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2025 Jun 12. doi: 10.1289/EHP16952.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a research priority for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Because PFAS include thousands of structurally diverse chemicals, there is a pressing need for identifying what data are available to assess the human health hazard of these compounds.
We used systematic evidence map (SEM) methods to summarize the available epidemiological and mammalian bioassay evidence for ∿14,735 chemicals identified as PFAS by EPA's Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE). This work is a continuation of our previous 2022 and 2024 SEMs that inventoried evidence on a separate set of ∿500 PFAS. The Comprehensive PFAS Dashboard includes evidence identified from our past SEMs and completed EPA assessments.
We conducted literature searches from peer-reviewed and gray literature sources to identify, screen, and inventory mammalian bioassay and epidemiological literature. A combination of manual review and machine learning software were utilized. A diverse array of potentially relevant supplemental content was also tracked, including mechanistic data, exposure-only studies, and studies informing chemical toxicokinetics and clearance. For each study meeting predefined population, exposure, comparator, and outcome (PECO) criteria, experimental design details and health endpoints evaluated were summarized in interactive web-based literature inventory visuals. Epidemiology studies and animal bioassay studies with ≥21-day exposure duration or reproductive/developmental study design proceeded to undergo a study evaluation for risk of bias and sensitivity, as well as detailed extraction of health endpoint data. Underlying data are publicly available and can be downloaded.
Scientific database searches retrieved 152,205 references. After full-text screening, there were 347 mammalian bioassay and 44 epidemiological studies that met PECO criteria. The mammalian bioassay and epidemiological evidence assessed 99 and 30 individual PFAS, respectively (n = 18 PFAS with both). The epidemiological evidence assessed 15 health systems and the mammalian bioassay evidence assessed 16 health systems.
Results from our 2022 and 2024 SEMs and completed EPA assessments are compiled into Comprehensive PFAS Dashboard. This dashboard is a resource for better understanding the currently available PFAS human health hazard data. It can be used as a tool for researchers and regulators interested in PFAS data gaps and research needs. Across all the data sources compiled into the Comprehensive PFAS Dashboard, only 1.4% (214/14,735) of PFAS had any mammalian bioassay or epidemiological data available. The vast majority of PFAS lack publicly available information about the potential human health effects of exposure to these chemicals.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16952.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是美国环境保护局（EPA）的一项研究重点。由于PFAS包含数千种结构各异的化学物质，因此迫切需要确定有哪些数据可用于评估这些化合物对人类健康的危害。
我们使用系统证据图谱（SEM）方法，总结了美国环境保护局计算毒理学与暴露中心（CCTE）确定为PFAS的约14,735种化学物质的现有流行病学和哺乳动物生物测定证据。这项工作是我们之前2022年和2024年SEM的延续，之前的SEM对另一组约500种PFAS的证据进行了编目。综合PFAS仪表板包括从我们过去的SEM和已完成的EPA评估中确定的证据。
我们对同行评审和灰色文献来源进行了文献检索，以识别、筛选和编目哺乳动物生物测定和流行病学文献。采用了人工评审和机器学习软件相结合的方法。还跟踪了一系列潜在相关的补充内容，包括机制数据、仅涉及暴露的研究以及为化学毒物代谢动力学和清除提供信息的研究。对于每项符合预定义的人群、暴露、对照和结局（PECO）标准的研究，在基于网络的交互式文献编目可视化工具中总结了实验设计细节和评估的健康终点。暴露持续时间≥21天的流行病学研究和动物生物测定研究或生殖/发育研究设计进入偏倚风险和敏感性研究评估，以及健康终点数据的详细提取。基础数据可公开获取并可下载。
科学数据库检索到152,205条参考文献。经过全文筛选，有347项哺乳动物生物测定研究和44项流行病学研究符合PECO标准。哺乳动物生物测定和流行病学证据分别评估了99种和30种单个PFAS（其中18种PFAS两者都有评估）。流行病学证据评估了15个健康系统，哺乳动物生物测定证据评估了16个健康系统。
我们2022年和2024年SEM的结果以及已完成的EPA评估被汇编到综合PFAS仪表板中。该仪表板是一个有助于更好地了解当前可用的PFAS对人类健康危害数据的资源。它可以用作对PFAS数据缺口和研究需求感兴趣的研究人员和监管机构的工具。在综合PFAS仪表板汇编的所有数据源中，只有1.4%（214/14,735）的PFAS有任何哺乳动物生物测定或流行病学数据。绝大多数PFAS缺乏关于接触这些化学物质对人类健康潜在影响的公开信息。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16952 。
