Murvanidze Maka, Maraun Mark, Lu Jing-Zhong, Mumladze Levan, Todria Nino, Arabuli Tea, Salakaia Meri, Kirkitadze Giorgi
I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 1. I. Chavchavadze Ave, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia.
J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2025 Jun 12;95(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s10493-025-01033-7.
Agricultural practices affect non-target soil fauna either directly or indirectly, e.g. by altering the soil physical structure or by application of chemicals. The effects of tillage, insecticide and herbicide applications on the dominant taxon of soil microarthropods-oribatid mites was studied in two fields over three years (2020, 2021, 2022) at three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). In total 87 species were identified. Herbicide and insecticide application had negative effects on oribatid mite species numbers and abundance; however, tillage mitigated the negative effects of herbicide and insecticide applications, possibly since tillage increases the rate of pesticide degradation and thereby reduces the direct exposure to soil fauna to those chemicals. Insecticides and tillage reduced the number of parthenogenetic individuals, possibly by a decrease of available resources (dead organic matter). Oribatid species richness and density steadily declined from 2020 to 2022 likely due to increased average annual temperature and decreased precipitation associated with global warming. The species richness and density declined from spring to summer and increased again in autumn. The annual decline of the oribatid species richness was expressed by the loss of oribatids with a thin cuticle (Mixonomata, Enarthronota, Oppioidea) and those, who are sensitive towards disturbance (Liacaridae, Ceratozetidae). Dry grassland specific species (Passalozetes africanus, P. perforatus, Scutovertex sculptus) were constantly present in all samples. The study points to the effects of agricultural practices on non-target soil fauna and also on the changes in soil animal communities from meadow to dry steppe species due to global warming.
农业实践会直接或间接地影响非目标土壤动物群，例如通过改变土壤物理结构或施用化学物质。在三年（2020年、2021年、2022年）的三个季节（春季、夏季和秋季）里，对两块田地中耕作、杀虫剂和除草剂施用对土壤微型节肢动物的优势类群——甲螨的影响进行了研究。总共鉴定出87个物种。除草剂和杀虫剂的施用对甲螨的物种数量和丰度有负面影响；然而，耕作减轻了除草剂和杀虫剂施用的负面影响，这可能是因为耕作提高了农药降解率，从而减少了土壤动物群对这些化学物质的直接接触。杀虫剂和耕作减少了孤雌生殖个体的数量，可能是由于可用资源（死亡有机物）减少。从2020年到2022年，甲螨的物种丰富度和密度稳步下降，这可能是由于与全球变暖相关的年平均气温升高和降水量减少所致。物种丰富度和密度从春季到夏季下降，秋季再次增加。甲螨物种丰富度的年度下降表现为具有薄角质层的甲螨（混合甲螨目、裸气门亚目、奥皮奥螨总科）以及对干扰敏感的甲螨（李氏甲螨科、角甲螨科）数量的减少。干草原特有物种（非洲帕氏甲螨、穿孔帕氏甲螨、雕刻盾甲螨）在所有样本中均持续存在。该研究指出了农业实践对非目标土壤动物群的影响，以及由于全球变暖导致土壤动物群落从草地物种向干草原物种的变化。
