美国 2 岁及以上人群按城市化水平划分的特定营养素摄入量差异，NHANES 2013-2018。

Differences in Intakes of Select Nutrients by Urbanization Level in the United States Population 2 Years and Older, NHANES 2013-2018.

机构信息

Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.

Division of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, United States.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2024 Feb;154(2):617-625. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.030. Epub 2023 Dec 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.030

PMID:38142922

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10900191/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Differences in nutrient intakes by urbanization level in the Unites States is not well understood.

OBJECTIVE

Describe, by urbanization level: 1) intake of protein, fiber, percent of energy from added sugars (AS) and saturated fat (SF), calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and vitamin D; 2) the percent of the population meeting nutrient recommendations.

METHODS

Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls from 23,107 participants aged 2 y and over from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. Usual intakes were estimated, and linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and whether family income met the 130% threshold examined intake differences by urbanization levels-large urban areas (LUA), small to medium metro areas (SMMA), and rural areas (RA).

RESULTS

A small percentage of the population met the nutrient recommendations, except for protein (92.8%) and iron (70.5%). A higher percentage of the population met recommendations than SMMA and RA for fiber (11.8% compared with 8.1% and 5.3%, P < 0.001), AS (40.2% compared with 33.4% and 31.3%, P < 0.001), SF (26.8% compared with 18.2% and 20.1%, P < 0.001), and potassium (31.5% compared with 25.5% and 22.0%, P < 0.001). Mean protein intake were also higher in LUA than RA (80.0 g compared with 77.7 g, P = 0.003) and fiber intake higher in LUA than SMMA (16.5 g compared with 15.9 g, P = 0.01) and RA (16.5 g compared with 15.2 g, P = 0.001). In addition, contributions to energy intake were lower in LUA than SMMA for AS (11.3% compared with 12.0%, P < 0.001) and SF (11.5% compared with 11.7%, P < 0.001), and for LUA than RA for AS (11.3% compared with 12.9%, P < 0.001) and SF (11.5% compared with 11.8%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

RA had some markers of poorer diet quality-lower protein and fiber intake and higher AS intake-compared with LUA, and these differences persisted in adjusted regression models. These results may inform public health efforts to address health disparities by urbanization levels in the Unites States.

摘要

背景

美国不同城市化水平人群的营养摄入量差异尚不清楚。

目的

按城市化水平描述：1）蛋白质、纤维、添加糖（AS）和饱和脂肪（SF）能量百分比、钙、铁、钾、钠和维生素 D 的摄入量；2）符合营养建议的人群百分比。

方法

对 2013-2018 年全国健康与营养调查中 23107 名 2 岁及以上参与者的 24 小时膳食回顾进行了分析。估计了常规摄入量，并通过线性回归模型调整了年龄、性别、种族和西班牙裔来源，以及家庭收入是否达到 130%的阈值，以检查城市化水平的摄入差异-大城市地区（LUA）、中小都市地区（SMMA）和农村地区（RA）。

结果

除蛋白质（92.8%）和铁（70.5%）外，符合营养建议的人群比例较小。与 SMMA 和 RA 相比，纤维（11.8%比 8.1%和 5.3%，P <0.001）、AS（40.2%比 33.4%和 31.3%，P <0.001）、SF（26.8%比 18.2%和 20.1%，P <0.001）和钾（31.5%比 25.5%和 22.0%，P <0.001）的人群符合建议的比例更高。与 RA 相比，LUA 的蛋白质摄入量也更高（80.0 克比 77.7 克，P = 0.003），与 SMMA 相比（16.5 克比 15.9 克，P = 0.01）和 RA（16.5 克比 15.2 克，P = 0.001），LUA 的纤维摄入量更高。此外，与 SMMA 相比，LUA 对 AS（11.3%比 12.0%，P <0.001）和 SF（11.5%比 11.7%，P <0.001）以及与 RA 相比（11.3%比 12.9%，P <0.001）和 SF（11.5%比 11.8%，P <0.001）的能量摄入量的贡献率较低。