Fasero María, Coronado Pluvio J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Unit, Hospital de la Zarzuela, 28023 Madrid, Spain.
Clínica Corofas Menopause, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 23;14(11):3663. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113663.
: Menopause is a significant physiological milestone in a woman's life, coinciding with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to various health-related changes. This narrative review focuses on cardiovascular health-related alterations during menopause and their implications on vascular function. : An electronic database search was performed, drawing from sources such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Publications were included if they addressed CVD risk in peri- and postmenopausal women, and examined the impact of hormonal changes, traditional risk factors (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes), or lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, physical activity) on CVD. : Estrogen deficiency is pivotal, leading to adverse effects such as endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and lipid profile deterioration. Characteristics of menopause, including the age at onset, type or stage of menopause, and severity of symptoms, further modulate CVD risk. Additionally, the impact of traditional risk factors is amplified during this period. Strategies for the prevention of CVD in menopausal women are critically assessed, with a focus on lifestyle modifications, dietary interventions, and physical activity. : This narrative review describes the potential benefits and risks of hormone therapy, alongside lipid-lowering therapies. Emphasis is placed on individualized risk assessment and management, highlighting the need for regular cardiovascular screenings and proactive management of risk factors.
绝经是女性生命中的一个重要生理里程碑，在此期间，由于各种与健康相关的变化，心血管疾病（CVD）风险增加。本叙述性综述聚焦于绝经期间与心血管健康相关的变化及其对血管功能的影响。通过从PubMed和谷歌学术等来源进行电子数据库搜索。如果出版物涉及绝经前后女性的CVD风险，并研究了激素变化、传统风险因素（如高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病）或生活方式因素（如饮食、体育活动）对CVD的影响，则将其纳入。雌激素缺乏至关重要，会导致诸如内皮功能障碍、动脉僵硬度增加和血脂恶化等不良影响。绝经的特征，包括开始年龄、绝经类型或阶段以及症状严重程度，会进一步调节CVD风险。此外，在此期间传统风险因素的影响会放大。对绝经后女性预防CVD的策略进行了严格评估，重点是生活方式改变、饮食干预和体育活动。本叙述性综述描述了激素疗法以及降脂疗法的潜在益处和风险。强调个体化风险评估和管理，突出定期心血管筛查和积极管理风险因素的必要性。
