Fołta Justyna, Rzepka Zuzanna, Wrześniok Dorota
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 28;26(11):5177. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115177.
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of conditions that have in common the progressive damage and degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system. This group includes Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, among others. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of these conditions. The occurrence of inflammation in the brain, which is often triggered by pro-inflammatory activation of microglia or astrocytes, can consequently lead to a chronic inflammatory response that contributes to the development of neurodegenerative processes. Inflammatory processes themselves, both within the nervous system and throughout the human body, appear to be central to the initiation and progression of neuronal damage. Understanding the role of inflammation in these diseases may open up new perspectives and opportunities in the future in the development of effective therapies to improve patients' quality of life as the vast majority of cases of patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases continue to be treated symptomatically since causal treatments are lacking. In this review, we provide information on the impact of inflammation on the pathogenesis, course, and potential therapeutic options for selected neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this article provides a general description of neuroinflammation and the involvement and role of specific cells in the central nervous system.
神经退行性疾病是一组具有共同特征的病症，即中枢神经系统中的神经元进行性损伤和退化。这组疾病包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和多发性硬化症等。近年来，越来越多的证据表明炎症在这些病症的发病机制中起着重要作用。大脑中的炎症通常由小胶质细胞或星形胶质细胞的促炎激活引发，进而可导致慢性炎症反应，促进神经退行性病变的发展。炎症过程本身，无论是在神经系统内还是在整个人体内，似乎都是神经元损伤起始和进展的核心。由于缺乏病因治疗，绝大多数神经退行性疾病患者仍在接受对症治疗，因此了解炎症在这些疾病中的作用可能为未来开发有效疗法以改善患者生活质量开辟新的视角和机会。在本综述中，我们提供了关于炎症对选定神经退行性疾病的发病机制、病程和潜在治疗选择的影响的信息。此外，本文还对神经炎症以及中枢神经系统中特定细胞的参与和作用进行了一般性描述。
