Gevrenova Reneta, Szakiel Anna, Pączkowski Cezary, Zengin Gokhan, Kurt-Celep Inci, Stefanova Alexandra, Zheleva-Dimitrova Dimitrina
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2025 May 28;14(11):1648. doi: 10.3390/plants14111648.
Salisb. (formerly Benth.) (Balkan heath) is renowned for its traditional usage as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. For the first time, acylquinic acids, flavonoids and numerous proanthocyanidin oligomers were annotated/dereplicated by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in methanol-aqueous extracts from . aerial parts harvested at the early and full flowering stage. Chlorogenic acid and proanthocyanidin tetra- and trimer A, B-type together with quercitrin and (+) catechin were the predominant compounds in the semi-quantitative analysis. Neutral triterpenoids, triterpenoid acids and phytosterols were determined in apolar extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Triterpenoid acids accounted for 80% of the total triterpenoid content, dominated by ursolic and oleanolic acid, reaching up to 32.2 and 6.1 mg/g dw, respectively. Ursa/olean-2,12-dien-28-oic acids and 3-keto-derivatives together with α-amyrin acetate as a chemotaxonomic marker, α-amyrenone, α- and β-amyrin were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 83.85 ± 0.89 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 78.91 ± 0.41 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. The extract actively scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals (540.01 and 639.11 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g), possessed high potential to reduce copper and iron ions (660.32 and 869.22 mg TE/g, respectively), and demonstrated high metal chelating capacity (15.57 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalents/g). It exhibited prominent anti-lipase (18.32 mg orlistat equivalents/g) and anti-tyrosinase (71.90 mg kojic acid equivalents/g) activity. The extract inhibited α-glucoside (1.35 mmol acarbose equivalents/g) and acetylcholinesterase (2.56 mg galanthamin equivalents/g), and had moderate effects on α-amylase, elastase, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Balkan heath could be recommended for raw material production with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties.
Salisb.（原 Bentham 属）（巴尔干石南）因其传统上用作利尿剂、抗炎剂和抗氧化剂而闻名。首次通过液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法对从早期和盛花期采集的地上部分的甲醇水提取物中的酰基奎宁酸、黄酮类化合物和众多原花青素低聚物进行了注释/去重复分析。绿原酸、原花青素四聚体和三聚体 A、B 型以及槲皮苷和（+）儿茶素是半定量分析中的主要化合物。通过气相色谱-质谱法测定了非极性提取物中的中性三萜类化合物、三萜酸和植物甾醇。三萜酸占总三萜含量的 80%，主要为熊果酸和齐墩果酸，分别高达 32.2 和 6.1 毫克/克干重。评估了 Ursa/olean-2,12-dien-28-oic 酸和 3-酮衍生物以及作为化学分类标记的乙酸α-香树脂醇、α-香树脂酮、α-和β-香树脂醇。总酚含量和黄酮类化合物含量分别为 83.85±0.89 毫克没食子酸当量/克和 78.91±0.41 毫克芦丁当量/克。该提取物能有效清除 DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基（分别为 540.01 和 639.11 毫克 Trolox 当量（TE）/克），具有还原铜离子和铁离子的高潜力（分别为 660.32 和 869.22 毫克 TE/克），并表现出高金属螯合能力（15.57 乙二胺四乙酸当量/克）。它具有显著的抗脂肪酶活性（18.32 毫克奥利司他当量/克）和抗酪氨酸酶活性（71.90 毫克曲酸当量/克）。该提取物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶（1.35 毫摩尔阿卡波糖当量/克）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（2.56 毫克加兰他敏当量/克），对α-淀粉酶、弹性蛋白酶、胶原酶和透明质酸酶有中等作用。巴尔干石南因其抗氧化和酶抑制特性，可推荐用于原料生产。
