Gevrenova Reneta, Zengin Gokhan, Balabanova Vessela, Szakiel Anna, Zheleva-Dimitrova Dimitrina
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Sep 19;13(18):2612. doi: 10.3390/plants13182612.
L'Hèr. (Geraniaceae) is renowned for its traditional use as a flavor, ornamental and medicinal plant. This work aimed at an in-depth study of the phytochemical profiling and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assessment of a methanol-aqueous extract from leaves. A UHPLC-HRMS analysis revealed more than 110 secondary metabolites, including 8 acyltartaric and 11 acylcitric/acylisocitric acids; 8 gallotannins; 36 flavonols, flavanones and methoxylated flavonoids together with 17 phenolic and aliphatic acids; and 21 phenolic acid glycosides. For the first time, acylcitric acids along with feruloyl- and coumaroyltartaric acids are reported in the species. The leaf extract actively scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (273.45 mg trolox equivalent (TE/g)) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals (531.97 mgTE/g) and showed a high reducing power: 431.32 mg TE/g Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 292.21 mg TE/g Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It possessed a metal chelating capacity (13.44 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalent (EDTAE)/g) and contained 2.71 mmol TE/g in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The rose geranium extract exhibited high inhibition towards acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (2.80 and 2.20 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, respectively) and tyrosinase (75.49 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). It inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase (3.75 mmol and 0.79 acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g, respectively) and lipase (28.91 mg orlistat equivalent (OE)/g). This study sheds light into the future potential application of the rose geranium in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.
香叶天竺葵（牻牛儿苗科）因其作为香料、观赏植物和药用植物的传统用途而闻名。这项工作旨在深入研究香叶天竺葵叶片甲醇水提取物的植物化学特征以及体外抗氧化和酶抑制活性。超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析揭示了110多种次生代谢产物，包括8种酰基酒石酸和11种酰基柠檬酸/酰基异柠檬酸；8种没食子单宁；36种黄酮醇、黄烷酮和甲氧基黄酮以及17种酚酸和脂肪酸；还有21种酚酸糖苷。首次在该物种中报道了酰基柠檬酸以及阿魏酰基和香豆酰基酒石酸。叶片提取物能有效清除2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基（DPPH）（273.45毫克 Trolox 当量（TE/g））和2,2'-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸) 自由基（ABTS）（531.97毫克TE/g），并显示出较高的还原能力：431.32毫克TE/g 铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）和292.21毫克TE/g 铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）。它具有金属螯合能力（13.44乙二胺四乙酸当量（EDTAE）/g），在磷钼酸测定中含有2.71毫摩尔TE/g。香叶天竺葵提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶表现出高抑制活性（分别为2.80和2.20毫克加兰他敏当量（GALAE）/g）以及对酪氨酸酶（75.49毫克曲酸当量（KAE）/g）。它还抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶（分别为3.75毫摩尔和0.79阿卡波糖当量（ACAE）/g）以及脂肪酶（28.91毫克奥利司他当量（OE）/g）。这项研究为香叶天竺葵在制药和营养保健品中的未来潜在应用提供了线索。
