Carollo Francesco, Rienzo Emanuele De, D'Angelo Antonio, Sgarbossa Paolo, Barbieri Luisa, Leonelli Cristina, Lancellotti Isabella, Catauro Michelina, Bernardo Enrico
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 4;18(11):2628. doi: 10.3390/ma18112628.
Despite efforts to recycle, boro-alumino-silicate pharmaceutical glass (BASG) results in a significant portion of glass cullet currently landfilled. Highly contaminated fractions of BASG cullet are largely unemployed because of the presence of metals in their composition that prevents recycling. This waste glass can be eligible to produce sustainable alkali-activated materials (AAMs) reducing at the same time consumption of raw materials and CO emissions. The 'weak' alkaline attack (NaOH < 3 M) determines the gelation of glass suspensions. Condensation reactions occur in hydrated surface layers, leading to strong bonds (Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si, etc.) between individual glass particles. Alkali are mostly expelled from the gel due to the formation of water-soluble hydrated carbonates. Microwave treatment has been implemented on samples after precuring at 40 °C, saving time and energy and achieving better mechanical properties. To improve the stability and reduce the release of glass components into solution, the consolidated monoliths were subjected to boiling/drying cycles. The chemical stability, cytotoxicity and antibacterial behavior of the final products have been investigated with the purpose of obtaining new competitive and sustainable materials. For further stabilization and for finding new applications, the activated and boiled samples can be fired at low temperature (700 °C) to obtain, respectively, a homogeneous foam or a compact material with glass-like density and microstructure.
尽管人们努力进行回收利用，但硼铝硅酸盐药用玻璃（BASG）仍导致目前有很大一部分碎玻璃被填埋。BASG碎玻璃中高度污染的部分基本上无法再利用，因为其成分中含有金属，这阻碍了回收。这种废玻璃有资格用于生产可持续的碱激活材料（AAM），同时减少原材料消耗和二氧化碳排放。“弱”碱性侵蚀（氢氧化钠<3M）决定了玻璃悬浮液的胶凝。缩合反应发生在水合表面层，导致单个玻璃颗粒之间形成强键（硅-氧-硅、铝-氧-硅等）。由于形成了水溶性水合碳酸盐，碱大多从凝胶中排出。在40℃预养护后对样品进行了微波处理，节省了时间和能源，并获得了更好的机械性能。为了提高稳定性并减少玻璃成分向溶液中的释放，对固结的整体材料进行了煮沸/干燥循环。对最终产品的化学稳定性、细胞毒性和抗菌行为进行了研究，目的是获得具有竞争力的新型可持续材料。为了进一步稳定并寻找新的应用，活化和煮沸后的样品可以在低温（700℃）下烧制，分别获得均匀的泡沫或具有玻璃状密度和微观结构的致密材料。
