Trendl Anna, Anwyl-Irvine Alexander, Vomfell Lara, Abbey Emma, Stewart Neil, Atkins David, Llewellyn David J, Gathergood John, Leake David
Behavioural Science, Lloyds Banking Group, London, United Kingdom.
Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jun 2;8(6):e2515894. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.15894.
Many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, can impair financial decision-making in older age. Although banking data offer rich insights, they have not yet been leveraged to understand how the loss of financial capacity is associated with financial behaviors.
To describe the behavioral indicators of financial capacity loss and the association of financial capacity loss with financial vulnerability.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this case-control study, banking data recorded by a major UK bank between January 1, 2009, and April 21, 2023, were used to compare the financial outcomes of a group of 16 742 donors of power of attorney (PoA) registrations with a "loss of financial capacity" marker and a control group of 50 226 individuals with no reported financial capacity loss that matched the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the donor group 10 years prior to their PoA registration. Group differences in financial outcomes were examined in the 10-year period leading up to the PoA registration. Analysis took place between December 2023 and December 2024.
Bank registrations of PoAs recorded between 2019 and 2023 for which the attorney reported that the donor lost financial capacity.
A broad range of 344 financial measures capturing day-to-day transactional activity (eg, spending on travel and hobbies) and other financial behaviors (eg, online banking logins).
The group of donors of PoA registrations with a "loss of financial capacity" marker comprised 16 742 individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.8 [8.5] years; 10 285 women [61.4%]), and the control group comprised 50 226 individuals (mean [SD] age, 72.7 [8.2] years; 30 657 women [61.0%]). During the 5 years prior to PoA registration, compared with the control group, donors were increasingly less likely to spend on everyday activities (clothing [difference, -9.1 percentage points (pp); 95% CI, -10.0 to -8.3 pp], travel [eg, hotels; difference, -9.6 pp; 95% CI, -10.5 to -8.8 pp], hobbies [eg, gardening; difference, -7.9 pp; 95% CI, -8.8 to -7.1 pp]) and more likely to spend on items associated with increased time at home (eg, household gas and electricity bills [difference, 5.1 pp; 95% CI, 4.6-5.7 pp]). Signs of heightened financial vulnerability in the donor group compared with the control group included an increase in the frequencies of PIN (personal identification number) reset requests (difference, 0.002 [95% CI, 0.002-0.003]), fraud cases (eg, animal charity difference, 0.0003 [95% CI, 0.0002-0.0003]), and lost or stolen credit or debit cards reported (difference, 0.005 [95% CI, 0.004-0.006]) and increased spending on charity (difference, 1.1 pp [95% CI, 0.5-1.7 pp]). In addition, the donor group exhibited reduced attention to finances compared with the control group via decreased online banking activity (difference in number of monthly online banking logins, -1.0 [95% CI, -1.1 to -0.8]).
This study highlighted the financial behaviors and vulnerabilities associated with declining financial capacity, such as a decrease in activity across multiple domains of daily life. These findings illustrate how banking data can reveal early behavioral signs and financial harms associated with financial capacity loss.
包括神经退行性疾病和精神障碍在内的许多病症，都会损害老年人的财务决策能力。尽管银行数据能提供丰富的见解，但尚未被用于了解财务能力丧失与财务行为之间的关联。
描述财务能力丧失的行为指标以及财务能力丧失与财务脆弱性之间的关联。
设计、背景和参与者：在这项病例对照研究中，使用了英国一家主要银行在2009年1月1日至2023年4月21日期间记录的银行数据，比较了一组16742名有“财务能力丧失”标志的授权委托书（PoA）登记捐赠者与一个由50226名未报告财务能力丧失的个体组成的对照组，该对照组在捐赠者PoA登记前10年的人口统计学和社会经济特征与之匹配。在PoA登记前的10年期间，对财务结果的组间差异进行了检查。分析于2023年12月至2024年12月进行。
2019年至2023年期间记录的PoA银行登记，其中代理人报告捐赠者丧失了财务能力。
一系列广泛的344项财务指标，涵盖日常交易活动（如旅行和爱好支出）和其他财务行为（如网上银行登录）。
有“财务能力丧失”标志的PoA登记捐赠者组包括16742名个体（平均[标准差]年龄，72.8[8.5]岁；10285名女性[61.4%]），对照组包括502名个体（平均[标准差]年龄，72.7[8.2]岁；30657名女性[61.0%]）。在PoA登记前的5年中，与对照组相比，捐赠者在日常活动上的支出越来越少（服装[差异，-9.1个百分点（pp）；95%置信区间，-10.0至-8.3 pp]，旅行[如酒店；差异，-9.6 pp；95%置信区间，-10.5至-8.8 pp]，爱好[如园艺；差异，-7.9 pp；95%置信区间，-8.8至-7.1 pp]），而在与在家时间增加相关的项目上的支出更有可能增加（如家庭燃气和电费[差异，5.1 pp；95%置信区间，4.6 - 5.7 pp]）。与对照组相比，捐赠者组财务脆弱性加剧的迹象包括个人识别码（PIN）重置请求频率增加（差异，0.002[95%置信区间，0.002 - 0.003]）、欺诈案件（如动物慈善机构差异，0.0003[95%置信区间，0.0002 - 0.0003]）以及报告的信用卡或借记卡丢失或被盗（差异，0.005[95%置信区间，0.004 - 0.006]），慈善支出增加（差异，1.1 pp[95%置信区间，0.5 - 1.7 pp]）。此外，与对照组相比，捐赠者组通过减少网上银行活动表现出对财务的关注度降低（每月网上银行登录次数差异，-1.0[95%置信区间，-1.1至-0.8]）。
本研究强调了与财务能力下降相关的财务行为和脆弱性，如日常生活多个领域活动的减少。这些发现说明了银行数据如何能够揭示与财务能力丧失相关的早期行为迹象和财务危害。
