Van den Ende Bieke, Riva Matteo, De Smet Frederik, Jacobs Sandra, Hulleman Esther, Coosemans An
Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Neurosurgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium.
J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Jun 12;13(6):e012009. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-012009.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor with a median survival of less than 12 months. The tumor arises in the pons, making surgical resection unfeasible and limiting treatment options to palliative radiation, which offers minimal survival benefit. One of the major challenges in treating DIPG is the poorly understood tumor immune microenvironment, which has hindered the development of effective immunotherapies. DIPG tumors are considered to be immunologically cold with limited immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have begun to reveal the complex and heterogeneous immune landscape of DIPG, highlighting distinct immunological subgroups. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune landscape of DIPG based on the latest insights, identify research gaps, and suggest potential areas for future investigation to improve treatment outcomes for patients with DIPG.
弥漫性脑桥内在型胶质瘤（DIPG）是一种罕见且侵袭性很强的儿童脑肿瘤，中位生存期不到12个月。肿瘤起源于脑桥，使得手术切除不可行，治疗选择仅限于姑息性放疗，而姑息性放疗带来的生存获益极小。治疗DIPG的主要挑战之一是对肿瘤免疫微环境了解甚少，这阻碍了有效免疫疗法的开发。DIPG肿瘤被认为是免疫冷型的，免疫细胞浸润有限。最近的研究开始揭示DIPG复杂且异质性的免疫格局，突出了不同的免疫亚组。本综述旨在基于最新见解全面概述DIPG的免疫格局，识别研究空白，并提出未来潜在的研究领域，以改善DIPG患者的治疗结果。
