Abbas H K, Mirocha C J, Pawlosky R J, Pusch D J
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Aug;50(2):482-6. doi: 10.1128/aem.50.2.482-486.1985.
Samples of wheat naturally infected by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe were obtained from mills in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Minnesota and fields in Nebraska and Kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). The wheat was milled, and DON was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts, reduction flour, and break flour). The DON recoveries for each mill run ranged from 90 to 98%. These samples, regardless of DON concentration, also gave similar fractional distributions of DON. The greatest (21 ppm [21 micrograms/g]) concentration of DON was found in the bran, and the smallest (1 ppm) was found in the break flour. Cleaning and milling were not effective in removing DON; DON was not destroyed in the bread baked from the naturally contaminated whole wheat flour, but the effect on its concentration in the samples analyzed varied, the reduction ranging from 19 to 69%. The percent reduction found in the cleaned wheat ranged from 6 to 19%. DON concentrations in the following commercially made breads, caraway rye, seedless rye, and pumpernickel, were 45 ppb (ng/g), 39 ppb, and 0 ppb, respectively. The limits of detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography for DON were 0.5 and 10 ng, respectively.
1982年，从俄克拉荷马州、密苏里州、堪萨斯州和明尼苏达州的面粉厂以及内布拉斯加州和堪萨斯州的农田获取了自然感染禾谷镰刀菌的小麦样本；对其进行脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）分析。将小麦磨粉，发现所有制粉组分（麸皮、粗粉、细粉和粗磨粉）中均含有DON。每次制粉过程中DON的回收率在90%至98%之间。这些样本，无论DON浓度如何，DON的组分分布也相似。麸皮中DON浓度最高（21 ppm[21微克/克]），粗磨粉中最低（1 ppm）。清理和磨粉对去除DON无效；用天然污染的全麦粉烤制面包时，DON未被破坏，但对所分析样本中其浓度的影响各不相同，降低幅度在19%至69%之间。清理后的小麦中DON浓度降低幅度在6%至19%之间。以下市售面包（葛缕子黑麦面包、无籽黑麦面包和裸麦粗面包）中的DON浓度分别为45 ppb（纳克/克）、39 ppb和0 ppb。气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪和高压液相色谱法对DON的检测限分别为0.5纳克和10纳克。
