National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
J Food Prot. 2010 Oct;73(10):1817-23. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.10.1817.
The fate of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol during the milling of Japanese wheat cultivars artificially infected with Fusarium was investigated. Grain samples with different mycotoxin concentrations were milled using a laboratory-scale test mill to produce eight fractions: three breaking flours (1B, 2B, and 3B), three reduction flours (1M, 2M, and 3M), wheat bran, and wheat shorts. Patent flour for human consumption was made from the 1B, 2B, 1M, and 2M flours, and low-grade flour was made from 3B and 3M flours. The four resulting samples (patent flour, low-grade flour, bran, and shorts) were analyzed for deoxynivalenol and/or nivalenol with an in-house validated analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection. In samples with different mycotoxin concentrations, the distribution of those toxins differed among the milling fractions. Grains with a lower level of contamination produced bran and shorts samples with a high relative concentration of nivalenol. A high percentage of nivalenol was found in patent flour, followed by bran. Contrary to the less-contaminated sample, the concentration of nivalenol in moderately contaminated grain was high only in the shorts sample. The highest percentage of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol was observed in the patent flour. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in milled Japanese wheat could be influenced by the contamination level of the original grain, and the milling process is not always effective for removal of toxins from wheat grains.
研究了人工感染镰刀菌的日本小麦品种在碾磨过程中镰刀菌真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的命运。使用实验室规模的试验磨将具有不同真菌毒素浓度的谷物样品碾磨，制成 8 个部分：3 个破碎面粉（1B、2B 和 3B）、3 个减损面粉（1M、2M 和 3M）、麦麸和麦屑。专利面粉用于人类食用，由 1B、2B、1M 和 2M 面粉制成，低级面粉由 3B 和 3M 面粉制成。用内部验证的高效液相色谱法与紫外吸收检测的分析方法对 4 个样品（专利面粉、低级面粉、麦麸和麦屑）进行了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和/或雪腐镰刀菌烯醇分析。在具有不同真菌毒素浓度的样品中，这些毒素在碾磨部分之间的分布不同。污染程度较低的谷物产生的麦麸和麦屑样品中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的相对浓度较高。专利面粉中发现了很高比例的雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，其次是麦麸。与污染程度较低的样品相反，中度污染谷物中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的浓度仅在麦屑样品中较高。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的最高百分比出现在专利面粉中。这项研究的结果表明，日本小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的分布可能受到原始谷物污染水平的影响，并且碾磨过程并不总是有效去除小麦中的毒素。
