Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Department of Plant Pathology, 1712 Claflin Avenue, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 14;13(10):725. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100725.
Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including , , , , and . Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.
小谷物中的真菌毒素是一个长期存在的严重问题。这些污染物可能由几个真菌属的成员产生，包括、、、、和。可以在收获前和收获后采取干预措施来限制污染。无论在何处使用，许多控制这些污染物及其产生毒素的问题和策略都是相似的，而其他一些问题在某些地区比其他地区更为常见。增加对寄主植物抗性的了解、更好的农业方法、改进的杀菌剂管理和更好的储存策略在全球范围内都有应用。我们总结了目前使用的主要收获前和收获后控制策略。在收获前，这些策略包括抗性宿主品系、杀菌剂及其应用，以及根据流行病学模型进行的管理，以及多种文化实践。在收获后，干燥、储存、清洁和分拣，以及一些最终产品的加工在全球范围内是最重要的。我们还采用了名义群体讨论技术来确定和优先考虑潜在的前进步骤，并减少与人类和动物食用这些谷物相关的问题。确定管理这些谷物中真菌毒素问题的现有和潜在新机制对于确保食用这些谷物的人类和家养动物的安全至关重要。
