Guimarães Saraiva Diego, Jochims Schneider Luis Felipe, Nunes da Silva Meirelles Doria Maia Juliana, Gomes da Motta Luise, Assad Cavalcante Larissa Maria
Assistant Professor, Specialization Course in Dental Prosthetics, Pontifical Catholic University (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Sep;134(3):840.e1-840.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.05.026. Epub 2025 Jun 14.
Effective methods for improving the maintenance of light-activated characterization coatings for 3-dimensionally (3D) printable composite resin need to be investigated, and an appropriate working protocol must be established.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of treatment protocols on the maintenance of characterization coating in 3D printed dental restorations by focusing on preserving color stability and gloss retention to support clinical longevity.
Fifty disk-shaped (Ø12×2 mm) specimens were prepared with a 3D printable composite resin and divided into 10 groups (n=5) according to the surface treatment (aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion, phosphoric acid, silane, or adhesive). They were coated with a light-activated characterization and a sealant. Color stability, surface roughness, and gloss tests were conducted before and after a toothbrushing abrasion simulation (20 000 cycles). Color change (ΔE00, based on the CIE2000 standard) was measured using a spectrophotometer, surface roughness (Ra) with a profilometer, and gloss (GU) with a glossmeter. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05) were used to analyze the results for roughness and gloss before and after toothbrush abrasion. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test was used for color difference.
Before the brushing simulation, the group that used the complete surface treatment protocol exhibited the lowest Ra values. After brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed (P>.05). Groups to which adhesive had not been applied and those treated exclusively with characterization and sealant exhibited the highest gloss values before the simulation. However, no difference in gloss values was found among the groups after brushing, except for the control group, which showed the lowest values. High color changes were observed in groups where adhesive or silane was applied separately without abrasion beforehand.
Overall, the surface treatments applied resulted in lower roughness and higher gloss. However, they led to treatments with reduced color stability compared with those without the characterization agent.
需要研究用于改善三维（3D）可打印复合树脂光活化表征涂层维持效果的有效方法，并建立适当的工作方案。
本体外研究的目的是通过关注保持颜色稳定性和光泽度以支持临床耐久性，来确定处理方案对3D打印牙科修复体中表征涂层维持效果的影响。
用3D可打印复合树脂制备50个圆盘形（直径12×2毫米）标本，并根据表面处理（氧化铝空气颗粒研磨、磷酸、硅烷或粘合剂）分为10组（n = 5）。它们涂有光活化表征涂层和密封剂。在刷牙磨损模拟（20000次循环）前后进行颜色稳定性、表面粗糙度和光泽度测试。使用分光光度计测量颜色变化（基于CIE2000标准的ΔE00），使用轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（Ra），使用光泽仪测量光泽度（GU）。采用双向重复测量方差分析（ANOVA），随后进行Tukey事后检验（α = 0.05）来分析刷牙磨损前后粗糙度和光泽度的结果。采用单向ANOVA，随后进行Tukey事后检验来分析颜色差异。
在刷牙模拟之前，使用完整表面处理方案的组表现出最低的Ra值。刷牙后，未观察到统计学上的显著差异（P>0.05）。未施加粘合剂的组以及仅用表征涂层和密封剂处理的组在模拟之前表现出最高的光泽度值。然而，刷牙后，除了显示最低值的对照组外，各组之间的光泽度值没有差异。在事先未进行磨损而单独施加粘合剂或硅烷的组中观察到高颜色变化。
总体而言，所应用的表面处理导致较低的粗糙度和较高的光泽度。然而，与未使用表征剂的处理相比，它们导致颜色稳定性降低的处理。
