Di Fiore Adolfo, Stellini Edoardo, Alsayed Hussain D, Alhotan Abdulaziz
Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, Section of Prosthodontics and Digital Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Full Professor and Head of Dental Clinic and School of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
J Dent. 2025 Oct;161:105980. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105980. Epub 2025 Jul 14.
To assess the influence of three different wash solutions on the flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (E), surface microhardness (VHN), surface roughness, water sorption (Wsp), and solubility (Wsl) of a 3D-printed glass-reinforced composite resin (3D-CR).
VarseoSmile Crown Plus was printed at a 50 µm layer thickness and a 90° build angle. Three test groups were formed based on the ultrasonic bath wash solution: InovaPrint Wash (Group 1), 96 % ethanol (Group 2), and 90 % denatured ethyl alcohol (Group 3). Thirty bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm), ten per group, were produced to measure FS and E using a three-point bending test, while five disk-shaped specimens (Ø 15 × 3 mm) per group were employed to evaluate VHN. Both tests were conducted under dry conditions. Additionally, another set of five specimens (Ø 15 × 3 mm) per group was used to assess surface roughness before and after simulated toothbrushing, while five disk-shaped specimens (Ø 15 × 1 mm) were utilized to determine Wsp and Wsl over 28 days. Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni post hoc tests were applied for statistical group comparisons.
The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of FS (p = .008), E (p = .004) and in VHN (p = .001). Variations among groups were notable in Wsp and Wsl at 21 and 28 days (p = .001). Regarding the surface roughness, the specimens exhibited values surpassing the clinical acceptability threshold (0.2 μm) before and after brushing.
These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate washing protocols to optimize the long-term performance of 3D-printed composite resins.
Optimizing the washing protocol can mitigate the degradation of mechanical and surface properties in 3D-printed composite resins. This is a critical consideration for ensuring the long-term success of definitive restorations.
评估三种不同清洗溶液对3D打印玻璃纤维增强复合树脂（3D-CR）的弯曲强度（FS）、弹性模量（E）、表面显微硬度（VHN）、表面粗糙度、吸水率（Wsp）和溶解度（Wsl）的影响。
以50μm的层厚和90°的构建角度打印VarseoSmile Crown Plus。根据超声清洗溶液形成三个测试组：InovaPrint Wash（第1组）、96%乙醇（第2组）和90%变性乙醇（第3组）。制备30个条形试件（25×2×2mm），每组10个，采用三点弯曲试验测量FS和E，同时每组使用5个圆盘形试件（Ø15×3mm）评估VHN。两项测试均在干燥条件下进行。此外，每组另取5个试件（Ø15×3mm）用于评估模拟刷牙前后的表面粗糙度，同时使用5个圆盘形试件（Ø15×1mm）在28天内测定Wsp和Wsl。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Bonferroni事后检验进行组间统计学比较。
Kruskal-Wallis检验显示，各组在FS（p = 0.008）、E（p = 0.004）和VHN（p = 0.001）方面存在显著差异。在21天和28天时，各组在Wsp和Wsl方面的差异显著（p = 0.001）。关于表面粗糙度，试件在刷牙前后的数值均超过了临床可接受阈值（0.2μm）。
这些发现强调了选择合适清洗方案以优化3D打印复合树脂长期性能的重要性。
优化清洗方案可以减轻3D打印复合树脂机械性能和表面性能的降解。这是确保最终修复长期成功的关键考虑因素。
