声学参数在全氟戊烷纳米液滴用于相关应用的液滴蒸发中的作用
The Role of Acoustic Parameters in Droplet Vaporization of Perfluoropentane Nanodroplets for Applications.
作者信息
Eom Taein, Park Jun Hong, Pyun Joo Young, Park Minki, Lee Jungmin, Park Eunyoung, Choi Wonseok, Han Sungmin, Lee Seunghyun, Lee Byung Chul, Yoo Dongwon
机构信息
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States.
出版信息
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Jul 2;17(26):37562-37576. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c05638. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
Nanodroplets have emerged as promising contrast agents due to their ability to undergo acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), enabling size expansion for diverse biological applications such as selective contrast enhancement and localized drug delivery. While ADV has been widely utilized, the influence of acoustic parameters on its dynamics remains poorly understood, despite their potential to modulate ADV efficiency and uniformity, particularly with focused ultrasound (FUS). In this study, we developed a well-defined synthetic and characterization protocol for anionic perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplets and systematically investigated the effects of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and cycle number on ADV using acoustic signal detection and B-mode ultrasound imaging. In addition, we developed a modified acoustic-thermal model and simulation framework to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing ADV behavior. Our findings reveal that increasing PRF and cycle number independently lowers ADV thresholds until reaching a saturation point, indicating that excessive ultrasound intensity is unnecessary. The acoustic conditions (PRF = 1000 Hz; cycle number = 175) were successfully applied , yielding substantial brightness enhancement at both low (0.129) and high (1.4) imaging mechanical indices (MIs), with improved parenchyma (1.86-fold) and vascular (2.21-fold) visualization. This study underscores the critical role of acoustic parameters in achieving precise and controlled ADV, paving the way for nanodroplet-based theranostics in clinical applications.
纳米液滴因其能够发生声致液滴汽化(ADV)而成为有前景的造影剂,这使得其尺寸能够扩大,可用于多种生物应用,如选择性造影增强和局部药物递送。虽然ADV已被广泛应用,但声学参数对其动力学的影响仍知之甚少,尽管这些参数有可能调节ADV的效率和均匀性,特别是在聚焦超声(FUS)方面。在本研究中,我们为阴离子全氟戊烷(PFP)纳米液滴开发了一种明确的合成和表征方案,并使用声学信号检测和B模式超声成像系统地研究了脉冲重复频率(PRF)和周期数对ADV的影响。此外,我们还开发了一种改进的声热模型和模拟框架,以阐明控制ADV行为的潜在机制。我们的研究结果表明,独立增加PRF和周期数会降低ADV阈值,直到达到饱和点,这表明不需要过高的超声强度。成功应用了声学条件(PRF = 1000 Hz;周期数 = 175),在低(0.129)和高(1.4)成像机械指数(MIs)下均产生了显著的亮度增强,实质组织(1.86倍)和血管(2.21倍)的可视化效果得到改善。本研究强调了声学参数在实现精确和可控ADV中的关键作用,为基于纳米液滴的诊疗在临床应用中铺平了道路。