Munhoz Jaqueline, Mazurak Vera, Field Catherine J
Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Adv Nutr. 2025 Jun 14;16(8):100464. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Although several preclinical studies support their potential to enhance cancer treatment efficacy, this has not yet been translated into clinical studies. Currently, there are no official recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. This review examined human studies that supplemented DHA and/or EPA in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, aiming to evaluate n-3 LCPUFAs effects on immune outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including OvidMedline and the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s Clinical Study Database. Twelve studies were included in this review. EPA+DHA doses ranged from 0.6 to 4 g/d, and intervention durations ranged from 6 wk to 6 mo. Most of the studies demonstrated changes in some immune-related outcomes, including reductions in the blood markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), a lower incidence of adverse events, and the preservation of immune cell concentrations and functions (phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production). However, caution is warranted due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of study designs. This review discusses the limitations of current studies and the mechanistic evidence supporting the investigation and potential use of n-3 LCPUFAs during cancer chemotherapy. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations by conducting well-designed, large-scale clinical trials that clearly report the dose and duration of n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during specific chemotherapy regimens. Despite some promising outcomes, more evidence will be needed before recommending n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation as part of chemotherapy regimens aimed at attenuating chemotherapy-induced immune alterations.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）是ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFAs），对免疫系统具有多效性作用。尽管多项临床前研究支持它们具有提高癌症治疗疗效的潜力，但这尚未转化为临床研究。目前，对于癌症化疗期间补充n-3 LCPUFAs尚无官方建议。本综述研究了在接受化疗的癌症患者中补充DHA和/或EPA的人体研究，旨在评估n-3 LCPUFAs对免疫结果的影响。使用电子数据库进行了系统检索，包括OvidMedline和全球EPA和DHA ω-3临床研究数据库。本综述纳入了12项研究。EPA+DHA的剂量范围为0.6至4 g/天，干预持续时间为6周至6个月。大多数研究表明某些免疫相关结果发生了变化，包括炎症血液标志物（白细胞介素-6和C反应蛋白）降低、不良事件发生率降低以及免疫细胞浓度和功能（吞噬作用和过氧化氢产生）得以保留。然而，由于研究数量有限且研究设计存在异质性，仍需谨慎对待。本综述讨论了当前研究的局限性以及支持在癌症化疗期间研究和潜在使用n-3 LCPUFAs的机制证据。未来的研究应通过开展精心设计的大规模临床试验来解决这些局限性，这些试验应明确报告在特定化疗方案中补充n-3 LCPUFAs的剂量和持续时间。尽管有一些有前景的结果，但在推荐将补充n-3 LCPUFAs作为旨在减轻化疗引起的免疫改变的化疗方案的一部分之前，还需要更多证据。
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