Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Hematology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 20;13(1):6449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28411-8.
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women throughout the world. This study is a parallel, randomized, double-blind, controlled, 12-week supplementation trial, investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary intake of fish oil and evening primrose oil (EPO), in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The primary outcomes were changes in the nutritional status and inflammatory cytokines of patients during the study. The secondary outcomes were changes in hematological and biochemical parameters and fatty acid profile. Of the 32 eligible patients, half of them is randomly assigned to a treatment arm with fish oil and EPO (n = 16), or a control arm (n = 16) with mineral oil as a placebo. The intervention group was taking 2 gel capsules of fish oil and 3 gel capsules of EPO (400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 600 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 351 mg gamma-linolenic acid) fish oil and evening primrose oil for 12 weeks, during their chemotherapy. The control/placebo group was taking 5 gel capsules of 1g of mineral oil. One of the patients dropped out due to discontinuation of the treatment (in the placebo group) and two did not show up at the post-treatment measurements (in the intervention group), thus, 29 women completed the study. The results showed an increase in plasma levels of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), total n-3PUFA, vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), and a decrease in n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the intervention group. An increase in the plasma level of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) was observed in the placebo group. There was no difference in plasma levels of interleukin (IL) IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, while the level of IL-6 decreased in both groups and was significantly lower in the intervention group at the end of the study. In conclusion, this supplementation improved the PUFA status and decreased the level of IL-6 in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Consequently, this treatment may help reduce cancer complications resulting from impaired lipid metabolism and inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03516253. Date of registration 04/05/2018.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。本研究是一项平行、随机、双盲、对照、为期 12 周的补充剂试验，旨在研究乳腺癌患者化疗期间摄入鱼油和月见草油（EPO）对炎症的影响。主要结果是研究期间患者营养状况和炎症细胞因子的变化。次要结果是血液学和生化参数以及脂肪酸谱的变化。在 32 名符合条件的患者中，有一半随机分配到鱼油和 EPO 治疗组（n=16）或矿物油安慰剂对照组（n=16）。干预组在化疗期间每天服用 2 粒鱼油胶囊和 3 粒 EPO 胶囊（400mg 二十碳五烯酸、600mg 二十二碳六烯酸和 351mg γ-亚麻酸）。对照组每天服用 5 粒 1g 矿物油。由于治疗中断（安慰剂组），一名患者退出研究，两名患者在治疗后测量时未出现（干预组），因此，29 名女性完成了研究。结果显示，干预组血浆二十二碳五烯酸（22:5n-3）、二十二碳六烯酸（22:6n-3）、总 n-3PUFA、反式-11-十八碳烯酸（18:1n-7）水平升高，n-6/n-3 PUFA 比值降低。安慰剂组血浆二高-γ-亚麻酸（20:3n-6）水平升高。两组白细胞介素（IL）-8、IL-10 和肿瘤坏死因子-α 水平无差异，而两组 IL-6 水平均降低，研究结束时干预组显著降低。总之，这种补充剂改善了化疗乳腺癌患者的多不饱和脂肪酸状况，并降低了 IL-6 水平。因此，这种治疗可能有助于减少因脂质代谢和炎症受损而导致的癌症并发症。临床试验注册号：NCT03516253。注册日期 2018 年 4 月 5 日。
