Yang Wanyi, Tan Shizi, Zuo Chaohui
Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang 421001.
Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2025 Feb 28;50(2):301-312. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2025.240517.
Exosomes are small vesicles commonly found in bodily fluids such as blood, urine, ascites, and breast milk. As essential mediators of intercellular communication, exosomes play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological processes including material transport, signal transduction, homeostasis regulation, immune response, and angiogenesis. They are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and key carriers for therapeutic drug delivery. Longitudinal tracking of exosome biodistribution, elucidating their migratory routes and homing effects, determining optimal delivery routes and therapeutic dosages, and evaluating implantation in target tissues are crucial for better understanding their mechanisms of action and guiding clinical applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a non-invasive and repeatable imaging technique, offers an ideal approach for exosome tracking. By labeling exosomes with specific contrast agents or tracers and detecting them via MRI, researchers can trace exosomes in vivo. This facilitates advancements in exosome-based nanomedicine and accelerates the clinical translation of exosome diagnostics and therapeutics.
外泌体是常见于血液、尿液、腹水和母乳等体液中的小囊泡。作为细胞间通讯的重要介质，外泌体在包括物质运输、信号转导、稳态调节、免疫反应和血管生成在内的生理和病理过程中发挥着关键作用。它们是疾病诊断中有前景的生物标志物以及治疗药物递送的关键载体。对外泌体生物分布进行纵向追踪，阐明其迁移途径和归巢效应，确定最佳递送途径和治疗剂量，以及评估在靶组织中的植入情况，对于更好地理解其作用机制和指导临床应用至关重要。磁共振成像（MRI）作为一种非侵入性且可重复的成像技术，为外泌体追踪提供了理想的方法。通过用特定的造影剂或示踪剂标记外泌体并通过MRI检测它们，研究人员可以在体内追踪外泌体。这有助于基于外泌体的纳米医学取得进展，并加速外泌体诊断和治疗的临床转化。
