Quan Lijiao, Su Qili, Lei Haozhe, Zhang Wenguang, Deng Yingkang, He Jiarong, Lu Yong, Li Zhe, Liu Haijing, Xing Lidan, Li Weishan
School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), Research Center of BMET (Guangdong Province), and Key Laboratory of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2025 Mar 3;12(7):nwaf084. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf084. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries is a key challenge for enhancing their performance. Traditional prelithiation methods, such as using lithium naphthalenide (Li-Naph), are limited by the low lithiation potential of crystalline silicon, making them less effective for commercial applications. This study demonstrates that amorphous silicon anodes, with a higher lithiation potential, can be effectively prelithiated using Li-Naph. This prelithiation process also forms a robust solid electrolyte interphase, which significantly enhances the anode's cycling stability and overall battery performance. The prelithiated silicon anodes achieved a remarkable ICE improvement from 74.8% to 97.2% in full-cell tests. Furthermore, 27 mAh pouch cells exhibited excellent long-cycle stability and low-temperature performance, retaining 90.1% of their capacity after 800 cycles at 1 C. These findings highlight the potential for scalable prelithiation methods and open new avenues for advancing silicon anode technology in next-generation batteries.
提高锂离子电池中硅阳极的初始库仑效率（ICE）是提升其性能的关键挑战。传统的预锂化方法，如使用萘锂（Li-Naph），受到晶体硅低锂化电位的限制，使其在商业应用中效果不佳。本研究表明，具有较高锂化电位的非晶硅阳极可以使用Li-Naph有效地进行预锂化。这种预锂化过程还形成了坚固的固体电解质界面，显著提高了阳极的循环稳定性和整体电池性能。在全电池测试中，预锂化的硅阳极的ICE从74.8%显著提高到97.2%。此外，27 mAh软包电池表现出优异的长循环稳定性和低温性能，在1 C下800次循环后仍保留其容量的90.1%。这些发现凸显了可扩展预锂化方法的潜力，并为推进下一代电池中的硅阳极技术开辟了新途径。
