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噬菌体通过消耗PAM序列来逃避CRISPR-Cas I-F系统。

Bacteriophages in evade the CRISPR-Cas I-F system by depletion of PAM sequences.

作者信息

Ortega-Sanz Irene, Rubio Alejandro, Pérez-Pulido Antonio J

机构信息

Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.

Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.

出版信息

Microb Genom. 2025 Jun;11(6). doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001423.

Abstract

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins systems provide bacteria with an adaptive immune system against exogenous sequences, such as plasmids and bacteriophages (viruses of prokaryotes). To avoid autoimmunity, the recognition of a very short sequence called the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is essential for efficient immune response triggering. This raises the question of whether viruses targeted by certain CRISPR-Cas systems have a higher or lower frequency of their PAM sequences than non-targeted viruses. This was tested here in the opportunistic human pathogen that presents five different types of CRISPR-Cas systems. The most frequent of them is the subtype I-F (present in 36% of the strains), which has the PAM 5'-CC sequence. When the viral genomes targeted by this system were analysed, their PAM frequency was found to be lower than that of non-targeted viruses. Remarkably, targeted viruses have comparatively lower G+C content. All this could be the result of selection pressure on the genome of these viruses to escape from the CRISPR-Cas I-F system.

摘要

成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关(Cas)蛋白系统为细菌提供了一种针对外源序列的适应性免疫系统,这些外源序列如质粒和噬菌体(原核生物病毒)。为避免自身免疫,识别一种名为原间隔序列临近基序(PAM)的非常短的序列对于有效触发免疫反应至关重要。这就引发了一个问题,即某些CRISPR-Cas系统靶向的病毒其PAM序列的频率是否高于或低于非靶向病毒。在此,我们在呈现五种不同类型CRISPR-Cas系统的机会性人类病原体中对此进行了测试。其中最常见的是I-F亚型(存在于36%的菌株中),其PAM为5'-CC序列。当分析该系统靶向的病毒基因组时,发现其PAM频率低于非靶向病毒。值得注意的是,靶向病毒的G+C含量相对较低。所有这些可能是这些病毒基因组为逃避CRISPR-Cas I-F系统而受到选择压力的结果。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7a9e/12174588/41d4858585ff/mgen-11-01423-g001.jpg

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