Waluya Tesa, Nurdin Denny
Dental Professional Education Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2025 Jun 12;17:269-275. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S526038. eCollection 2025.
Remineralization counteracts demineralization, which is the loss of mineral ions from dental enamel, by restoring the mineral. Remineralization itself could be enhanced by external factors such as fluoride contained in fluoride varnish. This study aimed to determine the difference in enamel microhardness before and after applying 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) fluoride varnish.
This experimental laboratory in vitro study used 40 premolar crowns as samples. All samples were demineralized in a pH 4 demineralizing solution for 6 hours. The samples were split into two groups, each containing 20 samples. Group I (Control) acted as a control and Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was treated with 5% NaF (fluoride varnish). Then all samples were immersed in artificial saliva for seven days. A Vickers microhardness tester measured the samples' pre-demineralization, post-demineralization, and post-remineralization microhardness. The dependent sample -test analysis was used to determine the difference in microhardness in each group. The two sample -test analysis was used to determine the difference in microhardness between groups.
The findings indicated that fluoride varnish application increases the demineralized enamel microhardness in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) from 174.63 VHN (SD = 23.12; 95% CI: 163.81-185.44) to 270.58 VHN (SD = 26.52; 95% CI: 258.17-282.99) (p-value = 0.000). The increase in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was higher than in Group I (Control) after remineralization of seven days (p-value = 0.002).
The findings show a significant increase in enamel microhardness following fluoride varnish application, measured on the seventh day (p-value 0.000). This demonstrates the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in increasing enamel hardness under these in vitro experimental conditions. This study can serve as a reference for clinicians selecting fluoride varnish as a caries prevention effort.
再矿化通过恢复矿物质来对抗脱矿质作用，脱矿质作用是牙釉质中矿物质离子的流失。再矿化本身可通过外部因素增强，如含氟漆中的氟化物。本研究旨在确定应用5%氟化钠（NaF）含氟漆前后牙釉质显微硬度的差异。
本实验性体外研究使用40颗前磨牙牙冠作为样本。所有样本在pH值为4的脱矿质溶液中脱矿质6小时。样本分为两组，每组20个样本。第一组（对照组）作为对照，第二组（含氟漆组）用5% NaF（含氟漆）处理。然后将所有样本浸入人工唾液中7天。使用维氏显微硬度测试仪测量样本脱矿质前、脱矿质后和再矿化后的显微硬度。采用相关样本检验分析来确定每组显微硬度的差异。采用两组样本检验分析来确定两组之间显微硬度的差异。
研究结果表明，在第二组（含氟漆组）中，应用含氟漆使脱矿质牙釉质的显微硬度从174.63维氏硬度值（标准差 = 23.12；95%置信区间：163.81 - 185.44）增加到270.58维氏硬度值（标准差 = 26.52；95%置信区间：258.17 - 282.99）（p值 = 0.000）。在7天再矿化后，第二组（含氟漆组）的增加幅度高于第一组（对照组）（p值 = 0.002）。
研究结果显示，在第7天测量时，应用含氟漆后牙釉质显微硬度显著增加（p值0.000）。这证明了在这些体外实验条件下，含氟漆在增加牙釉质硬度方面的有效性。本研究可为临床医生选择含氟漆作为预防龋齿的措施提供参考。
