Review of the role of submucosal injection materials in digestive endoscopy.

Endoscopic resection techniques have been extensively applied in the treatment of precancerous lesions and early-stage cancers in the digestive tract. Both endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and most endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) procedures rely heavily on submucosal injection-a critical step that ensures complete lesion removal and helps prevent postoperative bleeding and perforation. This technique has also greatly contributed to the advancement and widespread adoption of endoscopic procedures. The selection of appropriate submucosal injection materials merits attention. This paper expounds on the current research status of submucosal injection materials and envisions the future development directions of submucosal injection materials.