Zheng R S, Chen R, Han B F, Wang S M, Li L, Sun K X, Zeng H M, Wei W W, He J
Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2024 Mar 23;46(3):221-231. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20240119-00035.
The National Central Cancer Registry estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022, using incidence and mortality data collected by the National Cancer Center. According to the data of 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2010 to 2018, the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the incidence rate and mortality rate of all cancers and 23 types of cancer in 2022, stratified by gender and urban and rural areas. We estimated the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022 based on the estimated rate and population data in 2022. The estimated results showed that in 2022, there were approximately 4 824 700 new cancer cases in China (2 533 900 in males and 2 290 800 in females), with an age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population (ASIR) of 208.58 per 100 000 (212.67 per 100 000 for males and 208.08 per 100 000 for females). Approximately 2 903 900 new cancer cases occurred in urban areas, with an ASIR of 212.95 per 100 000. It was estimated about 1 920 800 new cancer cases in rural areas, and the ASIR was 199.65 per 100 000. The top five cancers (lung cancer 1 060 600, colorectal cancer 517 100, thyroid cancer 466 100, liver cancer 367 700 and female breast cancer 357 200) accounted for 57.4% of all new cases. The estimated number of deaths from cancer in China in 2022 was 2 574 200 (1 629 300 in males and 944 900 in females), with an age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population (ASMR) of 97.08 per 100 000 (127.70 per 100 000 in males and 68.67 per 100 000 in females). The number of deaths from cancer in urban and rural areas was about 1 400 600 and 1 173 400, with the ASMR of 92.37 and 103.97 per 100 000 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The top five leading cause of cancers death (lung cancer 733 300, liver cancer 316 500, gastric cancer 260 400, colorectal cancer 240 000 and esophageal cancer 187 500) accounted for 67.5% of all cancer deaths. Lung cancer ranked first in the incidence and mortality in men and women. The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, while the mortality rate was lower than that in rural areas. The burden of cancer in China is still relatively heavy, with significant differences in cancer patterns in gender, urban-rural, and regional. The burden of cancer presents a coexistence of developed and developing countries, and the situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.
国家癌症中心根据收集到的发病率和死亡率数据，对2022年中国新发癌症病例数和死亡数进行了估算。依据2018年700个癌症登记处的数据以及2010年至2018年106个癌症登记处的数据，采用年龄-时期-队列模型，按性别和城乡地区分层，估算了2022年所有癌症及23种癌症的发病率和死亡率。基于2022年的估算率和人口数据，我们估算了2022年中国新发癌症病例数和死亡数。估算结果显示，2022年中国新发癌症病例约482.47万例（男性253.39万例，女性229.08万例），中国人口年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）为208.58/10万（男性为212.67/10万，女性为208.08/10万）。城市地区约有290.39万例新发癌症病例，ASIR为212.95/10万。农村地区估计有192.08万例新发癌症病例，ASIR为199.65/10万。前五大癌症（肺癌106.06万例、结直肠癌51.71万例、甲状腺癌46.61万例、肝癌36.77万例和女性乳腺癌35.72万例）占所有新发病例的57.4%。2022年中国癌症死亡估计数为257.42万例（男性162.93万例，女性94.49万例），中国人口年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）为97.08/10万（男性为127.70/10万，女性为68.67/10万）。城乡癌症死亡数分别约为140.06万例和117.34万例，城乡ASMR分别为92.37/10万和103.97/10万。前五大癌症死亡原因（肺癌73.33万例、肝癌31.65万例、胃癌26.04万例、结直肠癌24.00万例和食管癌18.75万例）占所有癌症死亡的67.5%。肺癌在男性和女性的发病率和死亡率中均居首位。城市地区发病率高于农村地区，而死亡率低于农村地区。中国的癌症负担仍然相对较重，癌症模式在性别、城乡和地区方面存在显著差异。癌症负担呈现出发达国家和发展中国家并存的情况，中国的癌症防治形势依然严峻。
