Bonte S, Hartweg C, Thouzé A, Marcaggi E, Dupuis M, Graillon N, Arnoux P-J, Thollon L, Bailly N
LBA, Université Gustave Eiffel, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Decathlon SportsLab, Lille, France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jul;25(7):e12327. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12327.
The growing popularity of mountain biking is associated with a rapid rise in injuries. Understanding the main crash scenarios is essential for improving preventive and protective measures. This study aimed to describe crash scenarios, fall kinematics, and injury mechanisms using a large video database of traumatic mountain bike crashes. A qualitative analysis was performed on 534 traumatic crash videos from a mountain biking social network. Data recorded included rider information, terrain description, cause of crashes, crash scenario, rider kinematics upon ground impact and injury. When possible, the rider's speed before the crash was measured. Among the 534 videos analysed, six specific crash scenarios were identified: forward over-the-bars (55.2%), forward on-the-bars (9.2%), sideways ejection (12.2%), sideways sliding (10.9%), collision (9.4%) and backward fall (3.2%). In the main scenario, 'over-the-bars', riders are thrown over the handlebars due to sudden deceleration, often occurring on moderate descents (53.2%) and following poor jump landings (64.4%) at speeds exceeding 30 km/h (75.3%). Tumbles were the most common impact type on the ground (64.7%), with shoulder girdle (39.7%) and upper limbs (35.6%) injuries predominating. An association between impact type on the ground and injury location was found. The mean recorded speed before the crash was 33.7 km/h, which is higher than previously reported MTB speeds. This study is the first to systematically analyse MTB accident videos, providing crucial insights to better understand full crash kinematics and help design effective protective equipment, optimize trail design, and enhance prevention campaigns on MTB slopes.
山地自行车运动日益普及，与之相关的是受伤人数迅速增加。了解主要的碰撞场景对于改进预防和保护措施至关重要。本研究旨在利用一个大型创伤性山地自行车碰撞视频数据库，描述碰撞场景、摔倒运动学和损伤机制。对一个山地自行车社交网络的534个创伤性碰撞视频进行了定性分析。记录的数据包括骑手信息、地形描述、碰撞原因、碰撞场景、着地时骑手的运动学和损伤情况。尽可能测量了碰撞前骑手的速度。在分析的534个视频中，确定了六种特定的碰撞场景：前翻越过车把（55.2%）、前翻压在车把上（9.2%）、侧方弹出（12.2%）、侧方滑行（10.9%）、碰撞（9.4%）和后翻（3.2%）。在主要场景“越过车把”中，骑手由于突然减速而被甩过车把，这种情况通常发生在中等坡度下降时（53.2%），以及在速度超过30公里/小时（75.3%）的情况下跳跃着陆不佳时（64.4%）。翻滚是着地时最常见的撞击类型（64.7%），肩部（39.7%）和上肢（35.6%）受伤最为常见。发现着地时的撞击类型与受伤部位之间存在关联。碰撞前记录的平均速度为33.7公里/小时，高于此前报道的山地自行车速度。本研究首次系统分析了山地自行车事故视频，为更好地理解完整的碰撞运动学提供了关键见解，并有助于设计有效的防护装备、优化赛道设计以及加强山地自行车斜坡上的预防活动。
