Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Br J Sports Med. 2013 May;47(7):458-62. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091755. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
Downhill mountain biking (DMB) has become an increasingly popular extreme sport in the last few years with high velocities and bold manoeuvres. The goal of this study was to provide information on the pattern and causes of injuries in order to provide starting points for injury prevention measures.
We performed a monthly e-mail-based prospective survey of 249 riders over one summer season ranging from April until September 2011.
A total of 494 injuries occurred during the 29 401 h of downhill exposure recorded, of these 65% were mild, 22% moderate and 13% severe, of which 41% led to a total restriction greater than 28 days. The calculated overall injury rate was 16.8 injuries per 1000 h of exposure. For experts it was 17.9 injuries per 1000 h of exposure, which is significantly higher than the 13.4 for professional riders (OR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.75; p=0.03). A significantly higher rate of injury was reported during competition (20 per 1000 h) than during practice (13 per 1000 h) (OR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.01; p=0.0022). The most commonly injured body site was the lower leg (27%) followed by the forearm (25%). Most frequent injury types were abrasions (64%) and contusions (56%). Main causes of injury reported by the riders were riding errors (72%) and bad trail conditions (31%).
According to our data DMB can be considered an extreme sport conveying a high risk of serious injury. Strategies of injury prevention should focus on improvements in riders' technique, checking of local trail conditions and protective equipment design.
近年来，下坡山地自行车（DMB）作为一项越来越受欢迎的极限运动，其速度快、动作幅度大。本研究旨在提供有关损伤模式和原因的信息，为预防损伤措施提供起点。
我们对 2011 年 4 月至 9 月一个夏季期间的 249 名骑手进行了每月一次的基于电子邮件的前瞻性调查。
在记录的 29401 小时下坡暴露中，共发生 494 起损伤，其中 65%为轻度，22%为中度，13%为重度，其中 41%导致总限制大于 28 天。计算得出的总体损伤率为每 1000 小时暴露 16.8 例损伤。对于专家来说，每 1000 小时暴露的损伤率为 17.9，明显高于专业骑手的 13.4（OR 1.34；95%CI，1.02 至 1.75；p=0.03）。比赛中报告的损伤发生率（20 例/1000 小时）明显高于练习（13 例/1000 小时）（OR 1.53；95%CI，1.16 至 2.01；p=0.0022）。受伤最常见的部位是小腿（27%），其次是前臂（25%）。最常见的损伤类型是擦伤（64%）和挫伤（56%）。骑手报告的主要损伤原因是骑行失误（72%）和恶劣的赛道条件（31%）。
根据我们的数据，DMB 可被视为一项具有高重伤风险的极限运动。预防损伤的策略应侧重于改善骑手的技术、检查当地赛道条件和防护设备设计。
