Laga Boul-Atarass Imán, Rubio Manzanares Dorado Mercedes, Padillo-Eguía Andrés, Racero-Moreno Jesús, Eguía-Salinas Ignacio, Pereira-Arenas Sheila, Jiménez-Rodríguez Rosa María, Padillo-Ruiz Javier
Department of General Surgery, Hospital University Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
Oncology Surgery, Cell Therapy and Organ Transplantation Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Front Robot AI. 2025 Jun 4;12:1567955. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2025.1567955. eCollection 2025.
Haptic feedback, or tactile perception, is presented by many authors as a technology that can greatly impact biomedical fields, such as minimally invasive surgeries. Laparoscopic interventions are considered the gold standard for many surgical interventions, providing recognized benefits, such as reduced recovery time and mortality rate. In addition to this, the advances in robotic engineering in the last few years have contributed to the increase in the number of robotic and tele-operated interventions, providing surgeons with fewer hand tremors and increased depth perception during surgery. However, currently, both techniques are totally or partially devoid of haptic feedback. This added to the fact that the skill acquisition process to be able to use these technologies shows a pronounced learning curve, has propelled biomedical engineers to aim to develop safe and realistic training programs using simulators to address surgical apprentices' needs in safe environments for the patients. This review aims to present and summarize some of the latest engineering advances reported in the current literature related to the development of haptic feedback systems in surgical simulators and robotic surgical systems, as well as highlight the benefits that these technologies provide in medical settings for surgical training and preoperative rehearsal.
许多作者认为，触觉反馈或触觉感知是一种能够对生物医学领域产生重大影响的技术，例如在微创手术中。腹腔镜干预被视为许多外科手术的金标准，具有公认的益处，如缩短恢复时间和降低死亡率。除此之外，过去几年机器人工程的进展促使机器人手术和远程操作手术的数量增加，使外科医生在手术过程中手部震颤减少，深度感知增强。然而，目前这两种技术完全或部分缺乏触觉反馈。再加上掌握使用这些技术的技能获取过程呈现出明显的学习曲线，这促使生物医学工程师致力于开发安全且逼真的培训项目，利用模拟器在安全的环境中满足外科实习生对患者的培训需求。本综述旨在展示和总结当前文献中报道的一些与手术模拟器和机器人手术系统中触觉反馈系统开发相关的最新工程进展，并强调这些技术在医疗环境中为手术培训和术前预演所带来的益处。
