The microbiota, the malarial parasite, and the mice-a three-sided relationship.

In recent years, the role of gut microbiota in modulating malaria susceptibility and infection progression has emerged as a pivotal focus in interdisciplinary research. While existing reviews have delineated mechanisms by which mosquito-associated gut microbiota regulate development, a systematic synthesis of the tripartite interplay among host gut microbiota, and host immunometabolic networks remains absent. Compared with previous studies predominantly focusing on single species or unitary mechanisms, this review fills the gap in cross-species integrated analysis of host-microbiota-pathogen interactions. By consolidating metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological data, this review transitions from unitary mechanistic explanations to multi-omics-driven systematic analyses, demonstrating that murine microbiota suppresses proliferation through adaptive immune activation and metabolic product regulation. Meanwhile, infection induces decreased microbial diversity and functional pathway deviation in murine microbiota, exacerbating host immunometabolic imbalance. These advancements not only elucidate core biological principles governing "microbiota-host-pathogen" interactions but also transcend traditional pathogen-centric perspectives by pioneering precise intervention strategies based on microbiota homeostasis restoration. This provides theoretical foundation for developing microbiome-targeted precision prevention approaches, which will continue to make substantial contributions to malaria research.