Shams Farzane, Jokar Mohammad, Djalali Ehssan, Abdous Arman, Rahnama Mehdi, Rahmanian Vahid, Kanankege Kaushi S T, Seuberlich Torsten
Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universitoy of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
One Health. 2025 Jun 5;20:101102. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101102. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Rabies is a fatal neurological zoonotic disease affecting warm-blooded animals, causing nearly 60,000 human deaths annually, primarily in developing Asian and African countries (95 % of cases). This review examines the prevalence and incidence of rabies in tested humans and animals across Asia.
We searched for scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2024 in electronic databases. Ninety-seven publications were selected for the assessment of the rabies prevalence and nine for the assessment of the rabies incidence.
Overall, the prevalence of rabies based on the random-effects meta-analysis was 23 % (95 % CI 22.7-23.4) in tested animals and 52 % (95 % CI 40.2-63.8) in tested humans. Among animals, foxes had the highest test prevalence of 78.3 % (95 % CI 70.4 %-86.2 %) followed by dogs (38.1 %, 95 % CI 31.2 %-45 %). The incidence in tested animals was 0.5 % (95 % CI 0.4 %-0.6 %) and 0 % (95 % CI 0 %-0 %) in tested humans. Among animals, dogs have the highest incidence at 0.7 % (95 % CI 0.5 %-0.8 %).
Many Asian countries have eradicated rabies by implementing control measures such as animal registration, quarantine, isolation, and mandatory mass vaccination. However, rising fox populations now pose a potential risk for rabies spread in the region.
狂犬病是一种致命的神经性人畜共患病，影响温血动物，每年导致近6万人死亡，主要发生在亚洲和非洲的发展中国家（占病例的95%）。本综述研究了亚洲各地经检测的人类和动物中狂犬病的流行率和发病率。
我们在电子数据库中搜索了2010年至2024年在同行评审期刊上发表的科学文章。选择了97篇出版物进行狂犬病流行率评估，9篇进行狂犬病发病率评估。
总体而言，基于随机效应荟萃分析，经检测的动物中狂犬病流行率为23%（95%置信区间22.7 - 23.4），经检测的人类中为52%（95%置信区间40.2 - 63.8）。在动物中，狐狸的检测流行率最高，为78.3%（95%置信区间70.4% - 86.2%），其次是狗（38.1%，95%置信区间31.2% - 45%）。经检测的动物发病率为0.5%（95%置信区间0.4% - 0.6%），经检测的人类发病率为0%（95%置信区间0% - 0%）。在动物中，狗的发病率最高，为0.7%（95%置信区间0.5% - 0.8%）。
许多亚洲国家通过实施动物登记、检疫、隔离和强制大规模疫苗接种等控制措施根除了狂犬病。然而，狐狸数量的增加现在对该地区狂犬病的传播构成了潜在风险。
