Tumminelli Elisabetta, Cavalloro Valeria, Ingrà Chiara, Ferrandino Alessandra, Porta Alessio, Marrubini Giorgio, Martino Emanuela, Rossi Daniela, Collina Simona
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Front Chem. 2025 Jun 5;13:1597833. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2025.1597833. eCollection 2025.
The annual production of waste is expected to increase over the next forty years, representing one of the main challenges associated with the global rise in population. Consequently, the transition towards more sustainable development and circular economy constitutes one of the most pressing challenges in the coming decades. Vineyard management generates several thousand tons of waste each year, including wood from pruning. This waste material is particularly rich in secondary metabolites, such as -resveratrol and -ε-viniferin. Accordingly, it represents a valuable source of biologically active phytochemicals with potential industrial outcomes.
The present study aimed to exploit grapevine pruning residues as a source of -resveratrol and -ε-viniferin through the set-up of a low environmental impact procedure which involves first a microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) followed by a protocol suitable for the isolation of -resveratrol and -ε-viniferin from the MASE extract. Different purification techniques, such as liquid/liquid extraction and chromatography, alone or in combinations, were exploited.
Our optimized MASE protocol involves 100% EtOH as extraction solvent, 1 microwave cycle of 5 minutes at 80°C. As regards the isolation procedure, best results were achieved with medium pressure automated chromatography, eluting with n-hexane and ethyl acetate in gradient condition, with or without preliminary liquid/liquid (water/ethyl acetate) extraction. Applying the optimize procedure -resveratrol (0.9 mg/g dry matrix weight) and -ε-viniferin (1.1 mg/g dry matrix weight) were successfully isolated with high purity Moreover, a UHPLC-UV/DAD method suitable for the quantification of -resveratrol and -ε-viniferin was developed to support all the procedures. Keeping in mind eco-sustainable criteria, the greenness of the UHPLC method was evaluated through the open source calculator AGREE: analytical GREennEss Calculator 0.5 beta, while the environmental impact of the whole procedure proposed for the extraction and the isolation of the secondary metabolites was determined using the environmental impact factor (EF), obtaining satisfactory results.
预计在未来四十年里，每年的废物产量都会增加，这是全球人口增长带来的主要挑战之一。因此，向更可持续发展和循环经济的转变是未来几十年最紧迫的挑战之一。葡萄园管理每年会产生数千吨废物，包括修剪下来的树枝。这种废料富含多种次生代谢产物，如白藜芦醇和ε-葡萄素。因此，它是具有潜在工业价值的生物活性植物化学物质的宝贵来源。
本研究旨在通过建立一种低环境影响程序，将葡萄修剪残渣作为白藜芦醇和ε-葡萄素的来源，该程序首先是微波辅助溶剂萃取（MASE），然后是从MASE提取物中分离白藜芦醇和ε-葡萄素的方案。采用了不同的纯化技术，如液/液萃取和色谱法，单独使用或组合使用。
我们优化的MASE方案采用100%乙醇作为萃取溶剂，在80°C下进行1个5分钟的微波循环。关于分离程序，采用中压自动色谱法，在梯度条件下用正己烷和乙酸乙酯洗脱，无论是否进行初步液/液（水/乙酸乙酯）萃取，都能取得最佳效果。应用优化程序成功分离出高纯度的白藜芦醇（0.9毫克/克干基质重量）和ε-葡萄素（1.1毫克/克干基质重量）。此外，还开发了一种适用于定量白藜芦醇和ε-葡萄素的UHPLC-UV/DAD方法，以支持所有程序。考虑到生态可持续标准，通过开源计算器AGREE：分析绿色度计算器0.5 beta评估了UHPLC方法的绿色度，同时使用环境影响因子（EF）确定了所提出的次生代谢产物提取和分离整个程序的环境影响，获得了满意的结果。
